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\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)
\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
\(\left(a-b\right)^{31}+\left(b-c\right)^{10}+\left(c-a\right)^{2014}\)
\(=\left(a-a\right)^{31}+\left(b-b\right)^{10}+\left(c-c\right)^{2014}\)
\(=0+0+0=0\)
Bài 1: Ta có:
\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$
Bài 2:
Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên
\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)
Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$
Tương tự:
$c+d\leq cd+1$
$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$
Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$
$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$
$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$
Vậy $N_{\max}=3$
Áp dụng bđt : \(xy+yz+xz\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)(1)
CM bđt đúng: Từ (1) => 3xy + 3yz + 3xz \(\le\)x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2xz + 2yz
<=> 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 - 2xy - 2yz - 2xz \(\ge\)0
<=> (x - y)2 + (y - z)2 + (x - z)2 \(\ge\)0 (luôn đúng với mọi x;y;z)
Khi đó: P = \(ab+bc+ac\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{3^2}{3}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
Vậy MaxP = 3 khi a = b = c = 1
Ta có đánh giá quen thuộc sau: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Áp dụng, ta được: \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{3^2}{3}=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2 +\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
do...
=> a=b=c
=> A = 0