Cho phân thức Q = 1 − x 4 x 10 − x 8 + 4 x 6 − 4 x 4 + 4 x 2 − 4 với x ≠ ± 1 .
Chứng minh Q luôn nhận giá trị âm với mọi x ≠ ± 1 .
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\(a,4x^4+4x^3-x^2-x=4x^3\left(x+1\right)-x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(4x^3-x\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(4x^2-1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
a) (x-2)(x+2)(x^2-10)-72=(x^2-4)(x^2-82)
b) x^8+x^6+x^4+x^2+1=x^2 (x^4+x^3+x^2+1+1/x^2)
c)(x+y)^4+x^4+y^4=(x+y)^4+(x+y)^4=2 (x+y)^4
a) (x-2)(x+2)(x^2 - 10) -72
= (x^2 - 4)(x^2 - 10) - 72
= x^4 - 4x^2 -10x^2 + 40 - 72
= x^4 - 14x^2 - 32
= x^4 - 16x^2 + 2x^2 - 32
= x^2(x^2 - 16) + 2(x^2 - 16)
= (x^2 - 16)(x^2 + 2)
= (x-4)(x+4)(x^2 + 2)
c) (x+y)4 + x4 + y4
= 2x4 + 4xy3 + 6x2y2 + 4x3y + 2y3
= 2(y4 + 2xy3 + 3x2y2 + 2x3y + x4)
= 2(y2 + xy + y2)2
Gọi phân thức cần tìm là \(A\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{x}{x+1}.\dfrac{x+1}{x+2}.\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}.\dfrac{x+3}{x+4}.\dfrac{x+4}{x+5}.\dfrac{x+5}{x+6}.\dfrac{x+6}{x+7}.\dfrac{x+7}{x+8}.\dfrac{x+8}{x+9}.\dfrac{x+9}{x+10}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)\left(x+8\right)\left(x+9\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)\left(x+8\right)\left(x+9\right)\left(x+10\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{x}{x+10}\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{x}{x+1}.\dfrac{x+1}{x+2}.\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}.\dfrac{x+3}{x+4}.\dfrac{x+4}{x+5}.\dfrac{x+5}{x+6}.\dfrac{x+6}{x+7}.\dfrac{x+7}{x+8}.\dfrac{x+8}{x+9}.\dfrac{x+9}{x+10}.A=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+10}.A=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{x+10}{x}\)
Vậy phân thức cần điền vào chỗ trống là \(\dfrac{x+10}{x}\)
\(\frac{x^{10}-x^8-x^7+x^6+x^6+x^4-x^3-x^2+1}{x^{30}+x^{24}+x^{18}+x^{12}+x^6+1}=\frac{(x^{10}-x^8+x^6)-(x^7-x^5+x^3)+(x^4-x^2+1)}{ (x^{30}+x^{18}+x^{24})+(x^{12}+x^6+1)} \)
=\(\frac{(x^4-x^2+1)(x^6-x^3+1)}{(x^{12}+x^6+1)(x^{18}+1 )}=\frac{(x^4-x^2+1)(x^6-x^3+1)}{(x^{12}+2x^6+1-x^6) (x^6+1)(x^{12}-x^6+1)}=\frac{(x^4-x^2+1)(x^6-x^3+1)}{ (x^6-x^3+1)(x^6+x^3+1)(x^2+1)(x^4-x^2+1)(x^12-x^6+1 )} \)
=\(\frac{1}{(x^6+x^2+1)(x^2+1)(x^{12}-x^6+1)}\)
Q = \(\dfrac{1+x^4+x^8+...+x^{2020}}{1+x^2+...+x^{2022}}\)
Đặt A = 1 + \(x^4\) + \(x^8\) +...+ \(x^{2020}\)
Đặt B = 1 + \(x^2\) + ...+ \(x^{2022}\)
Thì Q = \(\dfrac{A}{B}\)
A = 1 + \(x^4\) + \(x^8\) + ...+ \(x^{2020}\)
A.\(x^4\) = \(x^4\) + \(x^8\) +....+ \(x^{2020}\) + \(x^{2024}\)
A.\(x^4\) - A = \(x^{2024}\) - 1
A = \(\dfrac{x^{2024}-1}{x^4-1}\)
B = 1 + \(x^2\) + \(x^4\) +...+ \(x^{2020}\) + \(x^{2022}\)
B.\(x^2\) = \(x^2\) + \(x^4\) +...+ \(x^{2020}\) + \(x^{2022}\) + \(x^{2024}\)
B\(x^2\) - B = \(x^{2024}\) - 1
B = \(\dfrac{x^{2024}-1}{x^2-1}\)
Q = \(\dfrac{\dfrac{x^{2024}-1}{x^4-1}}{\dfrac{x^{2024}-1}{x^2-1}}\)
Q = \(\dfrac{x^{2024}-1}{x^4-1}\) \(\times\)\(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^{2024}-1}\)
Q = \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+1}\)
P(x)+Q(x)+R(x) = \(9{x^4} - 3{x^3} + 5x - 1 - 2{x^3} - 5{x^2} + 3x - 8 - 2{x^4} + 4{x^2} + 2x - 10\)
\(\begin{array}{l} = (9{x^4} - 2{x^4})+( - 3{x^3} - 2{x^3})+( - 5{x^2} + 4{x^2}) +( 5x + 3x + 2x)+( - 8 - 10 - 1)\\ = 7{x^4} - 5{x^3} - {x^2} + 10x - 19\end{array}\)
P(x)-Q(x)-R(x) = \(9{x^4} - 3{x^3} + 5x - 1 + 2{x^3} + 5{x^2} - 3x + 8 + 2{x^4} - 4{x^2} - 2x + 10\)
\(\begin{array}{l} = (9{x^4} + 2{x^4})+( - 3{x^3} + 2{x^3} )+ (5{x^2} - 4{x^2}) + (5x - 3x - 2x) + (10 - 1 + 8)\\ = 11{x^4} - {x^3} + {x^2} + 17\end{array}\)
ta có
\(5x=-3y=4z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{12}=-\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{15}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{12}=-\frac{y}{20}=\frac{3z}{45}=\frac{x-y+3z}{12+20+45}=\frac{7}{77}=\frac{1}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{11}.12=\frac{12}{11}\\-y=\frac{1}{11}.20=\frac{20}{11}\\3z=\frac{1}{11}.45=\frac{45}{11}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{12}{11}\\y=-\frac{20}{11}\\z=\frac{45}{11}:3=\frac{15}{11}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{12}{11}\\y=\frac{-20}{11}\\z=\frac{15}{11}\end{cases}}\)