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Ta có : \(1+\left(\frac{x^4-1}{2x^2}\right)^2=\frac{x^8+2x^4+1}{4x^4}\) nên \(1+\sqrt{1+\left(\frac{x^4-1}{2x^2}\right)^2}=1+\frac{x^4+1}{2x^2}=\frac{\left(x^2+1\right)^2}{2x^2}\)
Do đó \(N=\frac{x^2+1}{x\sqrt{2}}\), thay \(x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(2^{\sqrt{2}}-2^{-\sqrt{2}}\right)\) vào ta được :
\(N=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(2^{\sqrt{2}}+2^{-\sqrt{2}}-2\right)+1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(2^{\sqrt{2}}+2^{-\sqrt{2}}\right)}=\frac{2^{2\sqrt{2}}+2^{-2\sqrt{2}}}{2^{\sqrt{2}}+2^{-\sqrt{2}}}\)
Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ Oxy, với mỗi số thực x, xét các điểm A(c; x+1); \(B\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2};-\frac{1}{2}\right)\) và \(C\left(-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2};-\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Khi đó, ta có \(P=\frac{OA}{a}+\frac{OB}{b}+\frac{OC}{c}\) trong đó a=BC, b=CA, c=AB
Gọi G là trọng tâm của tam giác ABC, ta có :
\(P=\frac{OA.GA}{a.GA}+\frac{OB.GB}{b.GB}+\frac{OC.GC}{c.GC}=\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{OA.GA}{a.m_a}+\frac{OB.GB}{b.m_b}+\frac{OC.GC}{c.m_c}\right)\)
Trong đó \(m_a;m_b;m_c\) tương ứng là độ dài đường trung tuyến xuất phát từ A,B, C của tam giác ABC
Theo bất đẳng thức Côsi cho 2 số thực không âm, ta có
\(a.m_a=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}.\sqrt{3a^2\left(2b^2+2c^2-a^2\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}.\frac{3a^2\left(2b^2+2c^2-a^2\right)}{2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
bằng cách tương tự, ta cũng có \(b.m_b\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2\sqrt{3}}\) và \(c.m_c\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Suy ra \(P\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\left(OA.GA+OB.GB+OC.GC\right)\) (1)
Ta có \(OA.GA+OB.GB+OC.GC\ge\overrightarrow{OA.}\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{OB}.\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{OC}.\overrightarrow{GC}.\) (2)
\(\overrightarrow{OA.}\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{OB}.\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{OC}.\overrightarrow{GC}\)
\(=\left(\overrightarrow{OG}+\overrightarrow{GA}\right).\overrightarrow{GA}+\left(\overrightarrow{OG}+\overrightarrow{GB}\right).\overrightarrow{GB}+\left(\overrightarrow{OG}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right).\overrightarrow{GC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{OG}.\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)+GA^2+GB^2+GC^2\)
\(=\frac{4}{9}\left(m_a^2+m_b^2+m_c^2\right)\) \(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\) (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra \(P\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Hơn nữa, bằng kiểm tra trực tiếp ta thấy \(P\ge\sqrt{3}\) khi x=0
Vậy min P=\(\sqrt{3}\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x>\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3x^2-1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}-\sqrt{2x-1}=mx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3x^2-2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}}=mx\Leftrightarrow\frac{3x-2}{\sqrt{2x-1}}=m\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x-1}=a>0\Rightarrow x=\frac{a^2+1}{2}\Rightarrow\frac{3a^2-1}{2a}=m\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(a\right)=\frac{3a^2-1}{2a}\) với \(a>0\)
\(f'\left(a\right)=\frac{12a^2-2\left(3a^2-1\right)}{4a^2}=\frac{6a^2+2}{4a^2}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)\) đồng biến
Mặt khác \(\lim\limits_{a\rightarrow0^+}\frac{3a^2-1}{2a}=-\infty\); \(\lim\limits_{a\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{3a^2-1}{2a}=+\infty\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Phương trình đã cho luôn có nghiệm với mọi m
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[4]{\left(x-1\right)^2}+4m\sqrt[4]{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}+\left(m+3\right)\sqrt[4]{\left(x-2\right)^2}=0\)
Nhận thấy \(x=2\) không phải là nghiệm, chia 2 vế cho \(\sqrt[4]{\left(x-2\right)^2}\) ta được:
\(\sqrt[4]{\left(\frac{x-1}{x-2}\right)^2}+4m\sqrt[4]{\frac{x-1}{x-2}}+m+3=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[4]{\frac{x-1}{x-2}}=a\) pt trở thành: \(a^2+4m.a+m+3=0\) (1)
Xét \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{x-1}{x-2}\) khi \(x>0\)
\(f'\left(x\right)=\frac{-1}{\left(x-2\right)^2}< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) nghịch biến
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^+}\frac{x-1}{x-2}=+\infty\) ; \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{x-1}{x-2}=1\) \(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)>1\Rightarrow a>1\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow m\left(4a+1\right)=-a^2-3\Leftrightarrow m=\frac{-a^2-3}{4a+1}\)
Xét \(f\left(a\right)=\frac{-a^2-3}{4a+1}\) với \(a>1\)
\(f'\left(a\right)=\frac{-2a\left(4a+1\right)-4\left(-a^2-3\right)}{\left(4a+1\right)^2}=\frac{-4a^2-2a+12}{\left(4a+1\right)^2}=0\Rightarrow a=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(f\left(1\right)=-\frac{4}{5};f\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)=-\frac{3}{4};\) \(\lim\limits_{a\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{-a^2-3}{4a+1}=-\infty\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)\le-\frac{3}{4}\Rightarrow m\le-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{8\sqrt{x}}{9x-1}\right):\left(1-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{3\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0;x\ne\dfrac{1}{9}\))
\(A=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}\right)^2-1^2}\right]:\left[\dfrac{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\cdot1}{3\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{3\sqrt{x}+1}\right]\)
\(A=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right]:\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1-3\sqrt{x}+2}{3\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(A=\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\dfrac{8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right]:\dfrac{3}{3\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3x+\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}-1-3\sqrt{x}+1+8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right):\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1-3\sqrt{x}+2}{3\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)-3\sqrt{x}+1+8\sqrt{x}}{\left(3\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}-1+5\sqrt{x}+1}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}}{3\sqrt{x}-1}\)
1) Đặt \(t=1+\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=\left(t-1\right)^2+1\forall t\ge1\Rightarrow dx=d\left(t-1\right)^2=2dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\int\frac{\left(t-1\right)^2+1}{t}\cdot2dt=2\int\frac{t^2-2t+2}{t}dt=2\int\left(t-2+\frac{2}{t}\right)dt\\ =t^2-4t+4lnt+C\)
Thay x vào ta có...
2) \(I_2=\int\frac{2sinx\cdot cosx}{cos^3x-\left(1-cos^2x\right)-1}dx=\int\frac{-2cosx\cdot d\left(cosx\right)}{cos^3x+cos^2x-2}=\int\frac{-2t\cdot dt}{t^3+t-2}\)
\(I_2=\int\frac{-2t}{\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}dt=-\frac{2}{5}\int\frac{dt}{t-1}+\frac{1}{5}\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt-\frac{6}{5}\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}\)
Ta có:
\(\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt=\int\frac{d\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}{t^2+2t+2}=ln\left(t^2+2t+2\right)+C\)
\(\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}=\int\frac{\frac{1}{cos^2m}}{tan^2m+1}dm=\int dm=m+C=arctan\left(t+1\right)+C\)
Thay x vào, ta có....
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2x-\sqrt{x}+2}{x-4}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}+\frac{2x-\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2-x-2\sqrt{x}+2x-\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)