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gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của fe va cu
2Fe+ 6H2SO4 ----> Fe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2+ 6H2O
x \(\frac{3}{2}\)x
Cu+ 2H2SO4 ----> CuSO4+ SO2+ 2H2O
y y
nso2=8,96/22,4=0,4 mol
theo đề bài ta có hệ pt
\(_{^{ }\begin{cases}\frac{3}{2}x\text{+ }y=0.4\\56x\text{+ }64y=17,6\end{cases}}\) \(\begin{cases}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{cases}\)
%fe= \(\frac{0,2.56}{17,6}.100\text{%}\)\(\approx\)63,64%
%cu= 100% - 63,64% = 36,36%
m Fe2(SO4)3= 0,2/2 . 400 = 40g
m CuSO4 = 0,1 . 160 = 16g
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow56a+24b=2,21\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{4,32}{64}=0,0675\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,0675\cdot2=0,135\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,0295\\b=0,02325\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,0295\cdot56}{2,21}\cdot100\%\approx74,75\%\\\%m_{Mg}=25,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{59}{4000}\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,02325\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{59}{4000}\cdot400+0,02325\cdot120=8,96\left(g\right)\)
a)
$Cu + 2H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + SO_2 + H_2O$
$2Fe + 6H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 + 6H_2O$
b) n Cu =a (mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)
=> 64a + 56b = 12(1)
n SO2 = a + 1,5b = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25(2)
(1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1
%m Cu = 0,1.64/12 .100% = 53,33%
%m Fe = 100% -53,33% = 46,67%
c)
n CuSO4 = a = 0,1(mol)
n Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,5a = 0,05(mol)
m muối = 0,1.160 + 0,05.400 = 36(gam)
d) n H2SO4 = 2n SO2 = 0,5(mol)
V H2SO4 = 0,5/2 = 0,25(lít)
`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 \uparrow + 6H_2 O`
`0,05` `0,15` `0,025` `(mol)`
`Cu + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> CuSO_4 + SO_2 \uparrow + 2H_2 O`
`0,225` `0,45` `0,225` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[6,72]/[22,4]=0,3(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Cu]=y`
`=>` $\begin{cases} \dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,3\\56x+64y=17,2 \end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x=0,05\\y=0,225 \end{cases}$
`@m_[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]=0,025.400=10(g)`
`@m_[CuSO_4]=0,225.160=36(g)`
`@m_[dd H_2 SO_4]=[(0,15+0,45).98]/80 .100=73,5(g)`
Sửa đề: 80% ---> 98% (80% chưa đặc nên không giải phóng SO2 được)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow56a+64b=17,2\left(1\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
a------>3a------------------->0,5a--------------->1,5a
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
b----->2b------------------->b------------->b
\(\rightarrow1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.0,05.400=10\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,225.160=36\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,05.3+0,225.2\right).98}{98\%}=60\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol Cu, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 64a + 56b = 17,6 (1)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
b-------------------------------->1,5b
Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
a--------------------------->a
=> a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,1.64}{17,6}.100\%=36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{17,6}.100\%=63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464}{22,4}=0,11mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow Muối\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\\FeSO_4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTe:3x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,22\\\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot342+y\cdot152=14,44\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04mol\\y=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,04\cdot27=1,08g\\m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\downarrow\)
0,02 0,06
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+FeCl_2\)
0,05 0,05
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{\downarrow}=0,06+0,05=0,11\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=x=25,63g\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,1<----------------------------0,15
=> \(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{7,5}.100\%=36\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-36\%=64\%\)
b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{7,5-0,1.27}{64}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,075------------------------>0,075
2Al + 6H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,1----------------------------->0,15
=> VSO2 = (0,075 + 0,15).22,4 = 5,04 (l)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{V_{SO_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\\n_{Cu}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24x\\m_{Cu}=64y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Mg+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
x 2x x ( mol )
\(Cu+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
y 2x y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+64y=4,4\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,05.64=3,2\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}.M_{H_2SO_4}=\left(2.0,05+2.0,05\right).98=0,2.98=19,6g\)
À thêm đk H2SO4 đặc nóng nhá chứ H2SO4 loãng thì PTHH là:
Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2
Cu không tác dụng với H2SO4 loãng
\(n_{SO2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2n_{Mg}+54n_{Cu}=8,8\)
\(2n_{Mg}+2n_{Cu}=2n_{SO2}=0,4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,1.24}{8,8}.100\%=27,27\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-27,27\%=72,73\%\)
\(n_{Mg}=n_{MgSO4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuSO4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO4}=0,1.120=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
nSO2=4,48\22,4=0,2
24nMg+64nCu=8,8
2nMg+2nCu=2nSO2=0,4
⇒{nMg=0,1
nCu=0,1
%mMg=0,1.248,8.100=27,27%
%mCu=100−27,27=72,73%
nMg=nMgSO4=0,1
nCu=nCuSO4=0,1
mMgSO4=0,1.120=12g
mCuSO4=0,1.160=16g