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a)
n CuO = a(mol) ; n MgO = b(mol) ; n Fe2O3 = c(mol)
=> 80a + 40b + 160c = 12(1)
CuO + 2HCl $\to$ CuCl2 + H2O
MgO + 2HCl $\to$ MgCl2 + H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl $\to$ 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
n HCl = 2a + 2b + 6c = 0,225.2 = 0,45(2)
Thí nghiệm 2 :
$CuO + CO \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O$
$Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3CO_2$
m chất rắn = 64a + 40b + 56.2c = 10(2)
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,05 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,025
%m CuO = 0,05.80/12 .100% = 33,33%
%m MgO = 0,1.40/12 .100% = 33,33%
%m Fe2O3 = 33,34%
b)
n BaCO3 = 14,775/197 = 0,075(mol) > n CO2 = n CuO + 3n Fe2O3 = 0,125
Do đó, kết tủa bị hòa tan một phần
Ba(OH)2 + CO2 → BaCO3 + H2O
0,075........0,075.......0,075.............(mol)
Ba(OH)2 + 2CO2 → Ba(HCO3)2
0,025..........0,05..............................(mol)
=> n Ba(OH)2 = 0,075 + 0,025 = 0,1(mol)
=> CM Ba(OH)2 = 0,1/0,5 = 0,2M
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O$
Gọi $n_{MgO} = a(mol) ; n_{CuO} = b(mol) ; n_{Al_2O_3} = c(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{O_2} = 23,2 - 16,8 = 6,4(gam)$
$n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 0,5a + 0,5b + 1,5c = 0,2(1)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{HCl} =2 n_{MgO} + 2n_{CuO} + 6n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,8(theo (1))$
Suy ra : $V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,8}{2} = 0,4(lít)$
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.96,48}{100}=96,48\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd.sau.thí.nghiệm}=\dfrac{96,48.100}{90}=107,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2O\left(thêm\right)}=107,2-100=7,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{7,2}{18}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> nO(mất đi) = 0,4 (mol)
Có: mX = mY + mO(mất đi) = 113,6 + 0,4.16 = 120 (g)
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot80}{40}\cdot100\%=20\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=80\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=2a\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=80\cdot2a+160a=80\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=0.5+0.25\cdot3=1.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=1.25\cdot22.4=28\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{cr}=0.5\cdot64+0.5\cdot56=60\left(g\right)\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=y\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 80x + 160y + 40z = 12 (1)
- Cho X pư với dd HCl.
PT: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}+6n_{Fe_2O_3}+2n_{MgO}=2x+6y+2z=0,45\left(2\right)\)
- Cho CO qua hh nung nóng.
Có: \(kx+ky+kz=0,175\)
PT: \(CuO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+CO_2\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3CO\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3CO_2\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=kx\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=2ky\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 64kx + 56.2ky + 40kz = 10
Ta có: \(\dfrac{kx+ky+kz}{64kx+56.2ky+40kz}=\dfrac{0,175}{10}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z}{64x+112y+40z}=\dfrac{7}{400}\)
⇒ 6x + 48y - 15z = 0 (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,025\left(mol\right)\\z=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,025.160=4\left(g\right)\\m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)