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1) Tìm GTNN :
Ta có : \(\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}=\frac{x^2}{xy+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+1}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}+1}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
2) Áp dụng BĐT Svacxo ta có :
\(\frac{a^2}{1+b}+\frac{b^2}{1+c}+\frac{c^2}{1+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3+a+b+c}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
2/ Áp dụng bđt Cô- si cho 2 số dương ta có :
\(\frac{a^2}{1+b}+\frac{1+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{1+b}\frac{1+b}{4}}=a\)
Tương tự ta có \(\frac{b^2}{1+c}+\frac{1+c}{4}\ge b;\frac{c^2}{1+a}+\frac{1+a}{4}\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{1+b}+\frac{b^2}{1+c}+\frac{c^2}{1+a}\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{1+b}{4}+\frac{1+c}{4}+\frac{1+a}{4}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{1+b}+\frac{b^2}{1+c}+\frac{c^2}{1+a}\ge3-\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{4}=3-\frac{1}{4}.3-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
\(x-y=A=\frac{1+a}{1+a+a^2}-\frac{1+b}{1+b+b^2}=\frac{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b+b^2\right)-\left(1+b\right)\left(1+a+a^2\right)}{\left(1+a+a^2\right)\left(1+b+b^2\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(1+b+b^2+a+ab+ab^2\right)-\left(1+a+a^2+b+ab+a^2b\right)}{\left(1+a+a^2\right)\left(1+b+b^2\right)}=\frac{ab^2-a^2b}{\left(1+a+a^2\right)\left(1+b+b^2\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{ab\left(b-a\right)}{\left(1+a+a^2\right)\left(1+b+b^2\right)}< 0\) do a>b>0; mẫu>0
Vậy \(x-y< 0\Rightarrow x< y\)
Đặt \(m=1-x=1-\frac{a+1}{a^2+a+1}=\frac{a^2+a+1-a-1}{a^2+a+1}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+a+1}\)
\(n=1-y=1-\frac{b+1}{b^2+b+1}=\frac{b^2+b+1-b-1}{b^2+b+1}=\frac{b^2}{b^2+b+1}\)
=>\(m:n=\frac{a^2}{a^2+a+1}:\frac{b^2}{b^2+b+1}\)
=>\(m:n=\frac{a^2}{a^2+a+1}.\frac{b^2+b+1}{b^2}\)
=>\(m:n=\frac{a^2.\left(b^2+b+1\right)}{\left(a^2+a+1\right).b^2}\)
=>\(m:n=\frac{a^2.b^2+a^2.b+a^2}{a^2.b^2+a.b^2+b^2}\)
=>\(m:n=\frac{a^2.b^2+ab.a+a^2}{a^2.b^2+ab.b+b^2}\)
Vì \(a>b=>ab.a>ab.b;a^2>b^2\)
=>\(a^2.b^2+ab.a+a^2>a^2.b^2+ab.b+b^2\)
=>\(\frac{a^2.b^2+ab.a+a^2}{a^2.b^2+ab.b+b^2}>1\)
=>m:n>1
=>m:n
=>1-x>y-y
=>x<y
Vậy x<y
Bài 1:
a) Từ đkđb:
$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$
$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.
Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$
Do đó:
$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$
$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$
$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$
$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)
b)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$
Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$
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Thật vậy:
Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)
Vậy........
1)Ta co
n5-5n3+4n
=n(n4-5n2+4)
=n(n4-n2-4n2+4)
=n(n2(n2-1)-4(n2-1)
=n(n2-4)(n2-1)
=n(n-1)(n+1)(n+2)(n-2)
vi n(n-1)(n+1)(n-2)(n+2) la h 5 so tu nhien lien tiep nen chia het cho 3,5,8 ma 3.5.8=120
=>n5-5n3+4n chia het 120
câu 1 là :từ a/x + b/y + c/z =0 suy ra (ayz+bxz+cxy)/xyz =0 suy ra ayz+bxz+cxy=0 (1)
vì x/a + y/b + z/c =1 (gt) suy ra (x/a + y/b + z/c )^2 = 1^2 . suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2(xy/ab + yz/bc + xz/ac) =1
suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2[(ayz+bxz+cxy)/abc = 1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 =1 (đpcm)
Ta có: \(a>b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2>b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a>b^2+b\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a+1>b^2+b+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+a+1}< \frac{1}{b^2+b+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow x< y\)
\(x=\frac{a+1}{a^2+a+1}=1-\frac{a^2}{a+a+1}\)
\(y=\frac{b+1}{1+b+b^2}=1-\frac{b^2}{1+b+b^2}\)
Do \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+a+1}>\frac{b^2}{b^2+b+1}\Rightarrow x< y\)