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Bài 1:
PTHH: \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\xrightarrow[]{mengiấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{115\cdot0,8}{46}=2\left(mol\right)=n_{CH_3COOH\left(lýthuyết\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOH\left(thực\right)}=2\cdot60\cdot90\%=108\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[H_2SO_4\left(đ\right)]{t^o}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{60}{60}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{92}{46}=2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Rượu còn dư, Axit p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(lýthuyết\right)}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(thực\right)}=1\cdot88\cdot80\%=70,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{60}{60}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{100}{46}=\dfrac{50}{23}\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\) (xt: H2SO4 đặc, to)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{1}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{50}{23}}{1}\), ta được C2H5OH dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(LT\right)}=n_{CH_3COOH}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(LT\right)}=1.88=88\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{55}{88}.100\%=62,5\%\)
\(CaCO_3+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+CO_2+H_2O\\ a,n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ b,CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌\left(H^+,t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\\ n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{50}{200}.0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{23}{46}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\Rightarrow Rượu.dư\\ \Rightarrow n_{este\left(LT\right)}=n_{axit}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{este\left(TT\right)}=80\%.0,05=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=88.0,04=3,52\left(g\right)\)
$PTHH : CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \buildrel{{H_2SO_4 đ,t^o}}\over\rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \\ n_{CH_3COOH} = \dfrac{3}{60} = 0,05(mol) \\ n_{C_2H_5OH} = \dfrac{2,5}{46} = 0,054(mol) \\ Ta có : n_{C_2H_5OH} > n_{CH_3COOH} \to C_2H_5OH dư \\ n_{ CH_3COOC_2H_5 } = n_{CH_3COOH} = 0,05(mol) \\ m_{este} = 0,05.88 = 4,4(gam) \\ m_{este(tt)} = 4,4.0,9 = 3,96(gam)$