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a, \(n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn e:
\(2n_{Zn}=2n_{H_2}\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=16,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=13,75\left(g\right)\)
Vì Ag không tác dụng với H2SO4 loãng
Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,3 0,45
\a) Chất rắn không tan là Ag nên :
\(m_{Ag}=5,4\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al}=13,5-5,4=8,1\left(g\right)\)
0/0Al = \(\dfrac{8,1.100}{13,5}=60\)0/0
0/0Ag = \(\dfrac{5,4.100}{13,5}=40\)0/0
b) Có : \(m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,3.3}{2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0.15\cdot56=8.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=m_{hh}-m_{Fe}=15-8.4=6.6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0.15\cdot2=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{0.2}=1.5\left(M\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
x 2x x x
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
y 2y y y
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,5\\24x+56y=23,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0,15;y=0,35\)
\(a,m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,m_{HCl}=\left(0,3+0,7\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=1,14.200=228\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{228}.100\%=16\%\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\\ n_{Mg}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=23,2\\a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,15;b=0,35mol\\ m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6g\\ m_{Fe}=23,2-3,6=19,6g\\ b.m_{HCl}=\left(0,15+0,35\right).2.36,5=36,5g\\ m_{ddHCl}=1,14.200=228g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{228}\cdot100=16,01\%\)
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 24x + 56y = 8 (1)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 95x + 127y = 22,2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = y = 0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{8}.100\%=30\%\\\%m_{Fe}=70\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)
Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)
Xét thương:
\(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\\%m_{Cu}=53,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Cu không phản ứng
\(nH_2=nFe=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(\rightarrow mFe=0,1.56=5,6gam\)
\(\rightarrow\%mFe=\dfrac{5,6}{12}.100\%=46,\left(6\right)\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%mCu=100\%-46,\left(6\right)\%=53,\left(3\right)\%\)
c)
\(CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{0,2}=1M\)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,25.56=14\left(g\right)\)
mCu = 20,4 - 14 = 6,4 (g)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{20,4}.100\%\approx68,63\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx31,37\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{200}.100\%=9,125\%\)