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1) \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,03<----------------------0,01
=> nNaOH min = 0,03 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
2) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3.0,25=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(6NaOH+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,45<------0,075-------------------------->0,15
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
0,05<----0,05
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
0,1<-------0,05
=> nNaOH max = 0,5 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)
3)
\(n_{KOH\left(1\right)}=0,15.1,2=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{4,68}{78}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,1.x\left(mol\right)\)
Do khi cho KOH tác dụng với dd Y xuất hiện kết tủa
=> Trong Y chứa AlCl3 dư
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,18---->0,06----------------->0,06
\(n_{KOH\left(2\right)}=0,175.1,2=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,34}{78}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
(0,3x-0,18)<--(0,1x-0,06)------->(0,1x-0,06)
\(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)
(0,1x-0,09)<-(0,1x-0,09)
=> \(\left(0,3x-0,18\right)+\left(0,1x-0,09\right)=0,21\)
=> x = 1,2
a, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}=C_M.V=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT\left(Ca\right):n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}-n_{CaCO3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(C\right):n_{CO2}=n_{CaCO3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO3\right)2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO2}=13,44l\)
b, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCO3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=C_M.V=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT\left(Ba\right):n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}-n_{BaCO3}=0,175\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(C\right):n_{CO2}=n_{BaCO3}+2n_{Ba\left(HCO3\right)2}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO2}=8,4l\)
c, Ta có : \(1< T=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{SO2}}=1,875< 2\)
- Áp dụng phương pháp đường chéo :
Ta được : \(\dfrac{n_{NaHSO3}}{n_{Na2SO3}}=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7n_{NaHSO3}-n_{Na2SO3}=0\)
\(BTNT\left(Na\right):n_{NaHSO3}+2n_{Na2SO3}=0,375\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHSO3}=0,025\\n_{Na2SO3}=0,175\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_M=24,65g\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200}{1000}.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(PTHH:2NaOH+MgCl_2--->Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20\%.100}{100\%}}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy NaOH dư.
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.58=11,6\left(g\right)\)
a: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
200ml=0,2 lít
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=n_{H_2}\cdot M=2.24\cdot1=2.24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Mg}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=2.24\cdot24=53.76\left(g\right)\)
a, \(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
b, \(m_{CuSO_4}=250.16\%=40\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{40}{160}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{CuO}=0,25.80=20\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = m dd NaOH + m dd CuSO4 - mCu(OH)2 = 200 + 250 - 0,25.98 = 425,5 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al\left(OH\right)3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tạo kết tủa => HCl bị trung hoà hết
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH\left(trung.hoa\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
- TH1: dư AlCl3
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\)
- TH2: dư NaOH
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
=> 0,2 mol AlCl3 tạo 0,2 mol Al(OH)3. Có 0,6 mol NaOH phản ứng
=> 0,2-0,1= 0,1 mol Al(OH)3 tan
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{NaOH}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=0,8\left(l\right)=800\left(ml\right)\)
a)PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl↓ + HNO3
nHCl = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 mol
=> nAgCl = 0,1 mol = nAgNO3 = 0,1 mol = nHCl phản ứng
<=> mAgCl = 0,1.143,5 = 14,35 gam
mAgNO3 = 0,1.170 = 17 gam
=> mdd AgNO3 = \(\dfrac{17}{6,8\%}\)= 250 gam
b) X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
1,2 gam X tác dụng vừa đủ với 0,1 mol HCl
=> Số mol của 1,2 gam X = 0,05 mol
<=> Mx = \(\dfrac{1,2}{0,05}\)= 24 (g/mol) => X là magie ( Mg )
Ta có nH2SO4 = 0,2 . 1,5 = 0,3 ( mol )
nBa(OH)2 = 0,3 . 0,8 = 0,24 ( mol )
H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → BaSO4 + 2H2O
0,3...........0,24
⇒Lập tỉ số 0,3/1:0,24/1 = 0,3 > 0,24
⇒Sau phản ứng H2SO4 dư , Ba(OH)2 hết
⇒mBaSO4 = 0,24 . 233 = 55,92 ( gam )
⇒nH2SO4 dư = 0,3 - 0,24 = 0,06 ( mol )
⇒CM H2SO4 dư = 0,06 : 0,5 = 0,12 M
