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a)Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe trong hỗn hợp ban đầu (x,y>0)
Sau phản ứng hỗn hợp muối khan gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:x\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_2:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=13,9\\133,5x+127y=38\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,0896\\y\approx0,205\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0896\cdot27\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx17,4\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,205\cdot56\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx82,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl, H ta có:\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{3n_{AlCl_3}+2n_{FeCl_2}}{2}\\ =\dfrac{3\cdot0,0896+2\cdot0,205}{2}=0,3394mol\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3394\cdot22,4\approx7,6l\)
a)Gọi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 24a + 40b = 8,8(1)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{MgCl_2} = a + b = \dfrac{28,5}{95} = 0,3(2)\)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra: a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
Vậy :
\(m_{Mg} = 0,2.24 = 4,8(gam) ; m_{MgO} = 0,1.40 = 4(gam)\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{4,8}{8,8}.100\% = 54,54\%\\ \%m_{MgO} = 100\% -54,54\% = 45,45\%\)
b)
\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{MgCl_2} = 0,3.2 = 0,6(mol)\\ C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,6.36,5}{200}.100\% = 10,95\%\)
nH2= 0,35(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x_________2x_______x______x(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y________2y________y_____y(mol)
Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)
a)
Gọi
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)
b)
Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)
Sửa đề: đktc → đkc
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 13,2 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối khan = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)
Gọi số mol H2 sinh ra là a (mol)
=> nHCl = 2a (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mkim loại + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> 17,5 + 36,5.2a = 31,7 + 2a
=> a = 0,2 (mol)
=> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
mCl-=mA-mKL=14,2g⇒nCl-=0,4⇒nH2=0,2(mol)⇒V=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
1)
\(n_{H_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cl^-} = n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,35.2=0,7\ mol\)
Ta có :
\(m_{kim\ loại} + m_{Cl^-} = m_{muối}\\ \Rightarrow m = 32,35 - 0,7.35,5 = 7,5(gam)\)
2)
\( m_{HCl} = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(gam)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{25,55}{37\%} = 69,05\ gam\\ V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{69,05}{1,19} = 58,03(đơn\ vị\ thể\ tích)\)
\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
1) Fe+2HCl--->FeCl2+H2
x------------2x------x(mol
Zn+2HCl-------->ZnCl2+H2
y----2y-----------------y( mol)
n HCl=0,5.1=0,5(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=0,5\\127x+136y=33,55\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
m hh=0,05.56+0,2.65=15,8(g)
%m Fe=0,05.56/15.8.100%=17,72(g)
%m Zn=100-17,72=82,28%
Bài 2
2Al+6HCl----.>2AlCl3+3H2
x-------3x-----------------------1,5x
Mg+2HCl----.MgCl2+H2
y---2y---------------------y
n H2=7,84/22,4=0,35(mol)
n HCl=2n H2=0,7(mol0
m HCl=0,7.36,5=25,55(g)
m hh=m muối+m H2-m HCl
=32,35+0,7-25,55=7,5(g)
b) m dd HCl=25,55.100/37=69,05(g)
V HCl=69,05/1,19=58(ml)