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a) \(6xy+4x-9y-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+2\right)-9y-6-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+x\right)-3.\left(3y+2\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right).\left(3y+2\right)=1\)
Mà \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow2x-3;3y+2\in Z\)
Tự làm típ
\(A=x^3+y^3+xy\)
\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xy\)
\(A=x^2-xy+y^2+xy\)( vì \(x+y=1\))
\(A=x^2+y^2\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiakovxky ta có :
\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x\cdot1+y\cdot1\right)^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Hay \(x^3+y^3+xy\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1 :
Phương trình <=> 2x . x2 = ( 3y + 1 ) 2 + 15
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y+1\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\\15\equiv0\left(mod3\right)\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(3y+1\right)^2+15\equiv1\left(mod3\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x.x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)
( Vì số chính phương chia 3 dư 0 hoặc 1 )
\(\Rightarrow2^x\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x\equiv2k\left(k\inℕ\right)\)
Vậy \(2^{2k}.\left(2k\right)^2-\left(3y+1\right)^2=15\Leftrightarrow\left(2^k.2.k-3y-1\right).\left(2^k.2k+3y+1\right)=15\)
Vì y ,k \(\inℕ\)nên 2k . 2k + 3y + 1 > 2k .2k - 3y-1>0
Vậy ta có các trường hợp:
\(+\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=1\\2k.2k+3y+1=15\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=8\\3y+1=7\end{cases}\Rightarrow}k\notinℕ\left(L\right)}\)
\(+,\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=3\\2k.2k+3y+1=5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=4\\3y+1=1\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}k=1\\y=0\end{cases}\left(TM\right)}}\)
Vậy ( x ; y ) =( 2 ; 0 )
Bài 3:
Giả sử \(5^p-2^p=a^m\) \(\left(a;m\inℕ,a,m\ge2\right)\)
Với \(p=2\Rightarrow a^m=21\left(l\right)\)
Với \(p=3\Rightarrow a^m=117\left(l\right)\)
Với \(p>3\)nên p lẻ, ta có
\(5^p-2^p=3\left(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\right)\Rightarrow5^p-2^p=3^k\left(1\right)\) \(\left(k\inℕ,k\ge2\right)\)
Mà \(5\equiv2\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow5^x.2^{p-1-x}\equiv2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right),x=\overline{1,p-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\equiv p.2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right)\)
Vì p và \(2^{p-1}\)không chia hết cho 3 nên \(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}⋮̸3\)
Do đó: \(5^p-2^p\ne3^k\), mâu thuẫn với (1). Suy ra giả sử là điều vô lý
\(\rightarrowĐPCM\)
Bài 2:
1: \(\left(2x-1\right)^2-4\left(2x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x-1-4\right)=0\)
=>(2x-1)(2x-5)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2: \(9x^3-x=0\)
=>\(x\left(9x^2-1\right)=0\)
=>x(3x-1)(3x+1)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\3x-1=0\\3x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3: \(\left(3-2x\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(2x-3\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)=0\)
=>(2x-3)(2x-3-2)=0
=>(2x-3)(2x-5)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-3=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4: \(\left(2x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)-10x+25=0\)
=>\(2x^2+10x-5x-25-10x+25=0\)
=>\(2x^2-5x=0\)
=>\(x\left(2x-5\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
1: \(3x^3y^2-6xy\)
\(=3xy\cdot x^2y-3xy\cdot2\)
\(=3xy\left(x^2y-2\right)\)
2: \(\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)-2\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\cdot\left(x+3y\right)-2\cdot\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+3y-2\right)\)
3: \(\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-2y\right)-5x\left(2y-x\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-2y\right)+5x\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=(x-2y)(3x-1+5x)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(8x-1\right)\)
4: \(x^2-y^2-6y-9\)
\(=x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)\)
\(=x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y-3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\)
5: \(\left(3x-y\right)^2-4y^2\)
\(=\left(3x-y\right)^2-\left(2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-y-2y\right)\left(3x-y+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-3y\right)\left(3x+y\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+y\right)\)
6: \(4x^2-9y^2-4x+1\)
\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-9y^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1-3y\right)\left(2x-1+3y\right)\)
8: \(x^2y-xy^2-2x+2y\)
\(=xy\left(x-y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(xy-2\right)\)
9: \(x^2-y^2-2x+2y\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(2x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-2\right)\)
1. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) với \(a=x^3+3xy^2,b=y^3+3x^2y\) (a;b > 0)
(Bất đẳng thức này a;b > 0 mới dùng được)
\(A\ge\frac{4}{x^3+3xy^2+y^3+3x^2y}=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^3}\ge\frac{4}{1^3}=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^3+3xy^2=y^3+3x^2y\\x+y=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3=0\\x+y=1\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^3=0\\x+y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)