CMR: với mọi x,y,z thì \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(VT=2+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{y}+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}\)
Tương tự ...
Cộng lại ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+6\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{y}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{y}}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(x^2+1\ge2x\) ; \(y^2+1\ge2y\) ; \(z^2+1\ge2z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Hoặc có thể biến đổi thành BĐT cần CM tương đương:
\(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x = y = z = 1
x2 + y2 + z2 + 3 ≥ 2( x + y + z )
<=> x2 + y2 + z2 + 3 ≥ 2x + 2y + 2z
<=> x2 + y2 + z2 + 3 - 2x - 2y - 2z ≥ 0
<=> ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + ( y2 - 2y + 1 ) + ( z2 - 2z + 1 ) ≥ 0
<=> ( x - 1 )2 + ( y - 1 )2 + ( z - 1 )2 ≥ 0 ( đúng )
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
vì \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0,\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0,\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
do đó :
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x-y-z
b. ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(2xy-2zx+2yz\right)\)
\(=x^2+y^2+z^2-2xy-2zx+2yz\)
\(=\left(x-y+z\right)^2\ge0\)
do đó \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge2xy-2xz+2yz\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(VT=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(=2+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}\)
Bài toán trở thành \(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{3\sqrt{xyz}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{z}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{z^3}{xyz}}=\frac{3z}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{y}{y}\ge\frac{3y}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{x}\ge\frac{3x}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+3\ge3+\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)\(\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Is it true?
có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>`x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2-2yz+z^2+z^2-2xz+x^2>=0`
`<=>2x^2+2y^2+2z^2>=2xy+2yz+2zx`
`<=>x^2+y^2+z^2>=xy+yz+zx`
dấu ''='' xảy ra khi
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-z\right)^2=0\\\left(z-x\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=z\\x=z\end{matrix}\right.< =>x=y=z\)