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\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{2u_n}{u_n+4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{u_n}\)
Đặt \(v_n=\dfrac{1}{u_n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}=2v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}=2\left(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x_{n+1}=2x_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x_n\) là CSN với công bội 2 \(\Rightarrow x_n=\dfrac{3}{2}.2^{n-1}=3.2^{n-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow v_n=x_n-\dfrac{1}{2}=3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{v_n}=\dfrac{1}{3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{3.2^{n-1}-1}\)
\(u_{n+1}^2=\dfrac{u_n^2}{1+u_n^2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}^2}=\dfrac{1}{u_n^2}+1\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{u_n^2}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{1}{2018^2}\\v_{n+1}=v_n+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(v_n\) là cấp số cộng với công sai d=1 \(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{2018^2}+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n^2=\dfrac{1}{v_n}=\dfrac{1}{n+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}-1}\)
\(u_n^2< \dfrac{1}{2018^2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{n+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}-1}< \dfrac{1}{2018^2}\Rightarrow n...\)
Xét hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^{2022}+3x+16}{x^{2021}-x+11}\), ta cần cm
\(f\left(x\right)\ge x\) (*)
Thật vậy, (*) \(\Leftrightarrow x^{2022}+3x+16\ge x^{2022}-x^2+11x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+16\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(f\left(x\right)\ge x,\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=f\left(u_n\right)\ge u_n\) nên \(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy tăng.
\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(u_n+2\right)+n^2+1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}=nu_n+n^2+2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n+1\right)^3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(n+1\right)=n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\)
Đặt \(v_n=u.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\\v_{n+1}=v_n=...=v_1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n=0\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a;u_2=b\\u_{n+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a,u_2=b\\u_{n+2}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(v_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_2=u_2+\dfrac{1}{2}u_1=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\\v_{n+1}=v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left[u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\right]\)
\(t_n=u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t_1=u_1-\dfrac{1}{3}a-\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\\t_{n+1}=-\dfrac{1}{2}t_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow t_n=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\Rightarrow u_n=t_n+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)
\(\Rightarrow limun=\lim\limits\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=0\)
À đính chính lại, đáp án ko phải bằng 0 đâu, vầy mới đúng
\(lim\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)
1, Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=-1\\u_1.q=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{q}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow q=-3\)
\(S_{10}=-1.\dfrac{1-\left(-3\right)^{10}}{1-\left(-3\right)}=14762\)
2, tương tự
\(u_3=u_2^2-u_2+2=4\)
\(S_1=1=\left(2-1\right)^2=\left(u_2-1\right)^2\)
\(S_2=2.5-1=9=\left(4-1\right)^2=\left(u_3-1\right)^2\)
Dự đoán \(S_n=\left(u_{n+1}-1\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh bằng quy nạp:
- Với \(n=1;2\) đúng (đã kiểm chứng bên trên với \(S_1;S_2\))
- Giả sử đẳng thức đúng với \(n=k\)
Hay \(S_k=\left(u_1^2+1\right)\left(u_2^2+1\right)...\left(u_k^2+1\right)-1=\left(u_{k+1}-1\right)^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(S_{k+1}=\left(u_1^2+1\right)\left(u_2^2+1\right)...\left(u_k^2+1\right)\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1=\left(u_{k+2}-1\right)^2\)
Thật vậy:
\(S_{k+1}=\left[\left(u_{k+1}-1\right)^2+1\right]\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+1}^2-2u_{k+1}+2\right)\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+2}-u_{k+1}\right)\left(u_{k+2}+u_{k+1}-1\right)-1\)
\(=u_{k+2}^2-u_{k+2}-u_{k+1}^2+u_{k+1}-1\)
\(=u_{k+2}^2-u_{k+2}+2-u_{k+2}-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+2}-1\right)^2\) (đpcm)
e cảm ơn ạ