Cho (a-b)2 =2
(a+b)2 = 3
TÌnh a2+b2 và ab
Help!!
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2:
a: =>a^2+2ab+b^2-2a^2-2b^2<=0
=>-(a^2-2ab+b^2)<=0
=>(a-b)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
b; =>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc-3a^2-3b^2-3c^2<=0
=>-(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc)<=0
=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(a-c)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
Sửa đề : \(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+a}\le1\\ \) (*)
\(< =>\dfrac{a^2\left(b^2+a\right)+b^2\left(a^2+b\right)}{\left(a^2+b\right)\left(b^2+a\right)}\le1\\ < =>a^2b^2+a^3+b^2a^2+b^3\le\left(a^2+b\right)\left(b^2+a\right)\) ( Nhân cả 2 vế cho `(a^{2}+b)(b^{2}+a)>0` )
\(< =>a^3+b^3+2a^2b^2\le a^2b^2+b^3+a^3+ab\\ < =>a^2b^2\le ab\\ < =>ab\le1\) ( Chia 2 vế cho `ab>0` )
Do a,b >0
Nên áp dụng BDT Cô Si :
\(2\ge a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}< =>\sqrt{ab}\le1\\ < =>ab\le1\)
Do đó (*) luôn đúng
Vậy ta chứng minh đc bài toán
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : \(a=b>0,a+b=2< =>a=b=1\)
a Sửa đề : Chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b}\)+\(\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\) 1 ( Đề thi vào 10 Hà Nội).
Bất đẳng thức trên tương đương :
\(\dfrac{a^2+b-b}{a^2+b}\)+\(\dfrac{b^2+a-a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)1
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 - \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\)+ 1 - \(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)1
\(\Leftrightarrow\)1 - \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\) - \(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)- \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\)- \(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)-1
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)+ \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\)\(\ge\)1
Xét VT = \(\dfrac{a^2}{ab^2+a^2}\)+ \(\dfrac{b^2}{a^2b+b^2}\)\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab^2+a^2+a^2b+b^2}\) (Cauchy - Schwarz)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(b+a\right)+a^2+b^2}\)
\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2ab+a^2+b^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)= 1
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = 1
\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)
Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)
\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)
b: =>a=5-b
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5-b\right)^2+b^2=13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2b^2-10b+25-13=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-2\right)\left(b-3\right)=0\)
hay \(b\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\in\left\{3;2\right\}\)
a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1
b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)
Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)
Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:
\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{25-16}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot25=\dfrac{25}{9}\\b^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot16=\dfrac{16}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{5}{3};b=\dfrac{4}{3}\\a=\dfrac{-5}{3};b=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(a;b\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{4}{3}\right);\left(-\dfrac{5}{3};-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\right\}\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=4.4=16\\b^2=4.9=36\\c^2=4,16=64\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4;=6;c=8\\a=-4;b=-6;c=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy (a;b;c) \(\in\left\{\left(4;6;8\right);\left(-4;-6;-8\right)\right\}\)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=2\\\left(a+b\right)^2=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-2ab+b^2=2\\a^2+2ab+b^2=3\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=3+2\)
<=> \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=5\)
=> \(a^2+b^2=\frac{5}{2}\)
Thay vào tính được: \(\frac{5}{2}+2ab=3\Leftrightarrow2ab=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow ab=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(a^2+b^2=\frac{5}{2}\) và \(ab=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2=2\)\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2=2\)(1)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2=3\)\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=3\)(2)
Trừ (2) cho (1) ta được: \(\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=3-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4ab=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=3-2.\frac{1}{4}=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(a^2+b^2=\frac{5}{2}\)và \(ab=\frac{1}{4}\)