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a)
$2K + 2H_2O \to 2KOH + H_2$
$BaO + H_2O \to Ba(OH)_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_K = 2n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\%m_K = \dfrac{0,2.39}{23,1}.100\% = 33,77\%$
$\%m_{BaO} = 100\%- 33,77\% = 66,23\%$
b)
$n_{BaO} = \dfrac{23,1 - 0,2.39}{153} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 23,1 + 177,1 - 0,1.2 = 200(gam)$
$C\%_{KOH} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{200}.100\% = 5,6\%$
$C\%_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{0,1.171}{200}.100\% = 8,55\%$
c)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Ba(OH)_2} + n_{KOH} = 0,4(mol)$
$V = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} = 0,8(lít) = 800(ml)$
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 27,8 (1)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{17,353}{24,79}=0,7\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{27,8}.100\%\approx19,42\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx80,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,5}=1,4\left(M\right)\)
a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,03<------------0,03<----0,015
=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,03.23}{1,31}.100\%=52,67\%\)
=> \(\%m_{Na_2O}=100\%-52,67\%=47,33\%\)
b)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{1,31.47,33\%}{62}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2O + H2O --> 2NaOH
0,01----------->0,02
=> nNaOH = 0,03 + 0,02 = 0,05 (mol)
mdd sau pư = 1,31 + 18,72 - 0,015.2 = 20 (g)
=> \(C\%_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,05.40}{20}.100\%=10\%\)
\(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{1,2}=\dfrac{50}{3}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{1}{60}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{\dfrac{1}{60}}=3M\)
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,15 0,3 0,15 0,15
mFe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)
mFe2O3 = 24,4 - 8,4 = 16 (g)
nFe2O3 = \(\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
%mFe = \(\dfrac{8,4}{24,4}=34,42\%\)
%mFe2O3 = \(100\%-34,42\%=65,58\%\)
Fe2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
0,1 0,6 0,2 0,3
nHCl (ban đầu) = 0,8.1,5 = 1,2 (mol)
nHCl (dư) = 1,2 - 0,3 - 0,6 = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{MFeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2+0,15}{0,8}=0,4375M\\C_{MHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,8}=0,375M\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
FeCl3 + 3NaOH ---> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
0,35 1,05
HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl + H2O
0,3 0,3
=> \(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{1,05+0,3}{1}=1,35\left(l\right)=1350\left(ml\right)\)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 (1)
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O (2)
nH2 = 2,8/22,4 = 0,125 mol
Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng (1) => nMg = nH2 = 0,125 mol
<=> mMg = 0,125 .24 = 3 gam và mAl2O3 = 8,1 - 3 =5,1 gam
%mMg = \(\dfrac{3}{8,1}\).100% = 37,03% => %mAl2O3 = 100 - 37,03 = 62,97%
b) nAl2O3 = \(\dfrac{5,1}{102}\)= 0,05 mol
=> nHCl pư = 2nMg + 6nAl2O3 = 0,55 mol
mHCl = 0,55.36,5 = 20,075 gam
=> mdung dịch HCl 18% = \(\dfrac{20,075}{18\%}\)= 111,53 gam
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=7,8(1)\\ a,2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,2(mol);y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%=69,23\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-69,23\%=30,77\%\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{192,2}.100\%=15,19\%\\ c,n_{AlCl_3}=0,2(mol);n_{MgCl_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{0,2.27+192,2-0,3.2}.100\%=13,55\%\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.24+192,2-0,1.2}.100\%=4,89\%\)
a)
Dung dịch X gồm $Ca(OH)_2,Ba(OH)_2$ làm đổi màu quỳ tím chuyển màu xanh.
b)
$Ca + 2H_2O \to Ca(OH)_2 + H_2$
$Ba + 2H_2O \to Ba(OH)_2 + H_2$
Gọi $n_{Ca} = a ; n_{Ba} = b$
Ta có :
$m_{hh} = 40a + 137b = 17,7(gam)$
$n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,2(mol)$
Suy ra a = b = 0,1
$\%m_{Ca} = \dfrac{0,1.40}{17,7}.100\% = 22,6\%$
$\%m_{Ba} = 100\%-22,6\% = 77,4\%$
c)
$n_{Ca(OH)_2} = n_{Ba(OH)_2} = a = b = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{Ca(OH)_2} = 0,1.74 = 7,4(gam)$
$m_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,1.171 = 17,1(gam)$
