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We couldn't drive because of the fog
=> The fog was the reason why we couldn't drive
=> The fog prevented us from driving
=> The fog made us unable / hard ... to drive
=> The fog made driving difficult for us
1.Hoa found it easy to translate this poem into French.
<-->Hoa had no difficulty in trasnlating this poem into French
2.Thinking of making toys from used paper was his interesting idea.
<-->It's interesting that he thought of making toys from used paper
3.Mai said "It is raining heavily outside"
<-->Mai said it was raining heavily outside
4.France presented the Statue of Liberty to the United States in 1876.
<-->The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States in 1876 by France
5.We couldn't drive fast because of the fog.
<-->The fog prevented us from driving fast
1.Hoa had no difficulties to translate this poem into French
2.It's interesting that he thought of making toys from used paper
3.Mai said that it was raining heavily outside
4.The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by France in 1876
5.The fog prevented us from driving fast
1. I’ll finish the work tonight if you like.
@ Would you like me to finish the work tonight
2. The teacher didn’t allow the class to leave before 4:30.
@ The teacher made the class not to leave until 4:30
3. We haven’t seen him for over twenty years.
@ It’s over twenty years since we last saw him
4. We couldn’t drive because of the fog.
@ The fog prevented us from driving
5. It is the most interesting novel I’ve ever read.
@ I have never read such a more interesting novel than it is
6. Although she lived in difficult countries, she worked very hard.
@ In spite of living in difficult countries, she worked very hard
7. We haven’t met since 1981.
@ It was in 1981 that we last met
8. I came to London ten years ago.
@ I have come to London for ten years
9. They haven’t seen their uncle for ten years.
@ It’s ten years since they last saw their uncle
10. Steve started learning the violin a month ago.
@ Steve has learned the violen for a month
1. The landscape is very beautiful!
---> How beautiful the landscape is!
2. We had to cancel the flight because the fog was too thick
---> Due to thick,we had to cancel the flight
3. I had the mechanic repair my car this morning
---> I had my car repaired
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because B. even though C. spite of D. Despite
5. Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. We all feel sad the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
8. John lost his job his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
9. We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answers.
1. The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
2. She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
3. Nam failed the final exam he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
4. We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
5. We didn’t go for a walk it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
6. They decided not to go out for a meal they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
7. I’m learning English I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
8. Last night we came to the show late the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
9. Lan couldn’t pass the exam she is too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. We delayed our trip BECAUSE OF the bad weather.
2. Sue’s eyes were red BECAUSE she had been crying.
3. My mother is always complaining BECAUSE OF the untidiness of my room.
4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink BECAUSE it’s polluted.
5. The trees were bend over BECAUSE OF the wind.
6. You can’t enter this secure areas BECAUSE you don’t have an official permit.
7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country BECAUSE OF the ongoing civil war.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted BECAUSE OF the extreme heat.
9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday BECAUSE he didn’t feel well.
10. We couldn’t get into the disco BECAUSE OF the enormous crowd.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. I went home early BECAUSE I was feeling unwell.
2. We decided not to go out for a meal BECAUSE we were simply too tired.
3. I couldn’t get to sleep BECAUSE OF the noise.
4. He only accepted the job BECAUSE OF the salary, which was very high.
5. Sarah can’t climb up the tree BECAUSE OF her fear of heights.
6. BECAUSE OF his age, John was not hired ALTHOUGH he had the necessary qualifications.
7. Mary came to class late BECAUSE her motorbike had a puncture.
8. Sandy didn’t go to school yesterday BECAUSE she was sick.
9. She went to bed early BECAUSE OF her tiredness.
10. I couldn’t do the test BECAUSE it was too difficult.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of
1. He didn’t come because of his sickness.
BECAUSE HE WAS SICK, He didn’t come
2. The train was late because the fog was thick.
BECAUSE OF THE THICK FOG, The train was late
3. The plane couldn’t take off because of the bad weather.
BECAUSE THE WEATHER WAS BAD, The plane couldn’t take off
4. He left the school because his family was poor.
BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILY'S POVERTY,The plane couldn’t take off
5. We couldn’t study because of the noise.
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO NOISE, We couldn’t study
6. I didn’t go swimming because it was cold.
BECAUSE OF THE COLD, I didn’t go swimming
7. These students arrive late because of the bad traffic.
BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC WAS BAD, These students arrive late
8. Mary can’t sleep because she has drunk a cup of strong coffee.
BECAUSE OF DRINKING A CUP OF STRONG COFFEE, MARY CAN'T SLEEP
9. Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
BECAUSE HE GOT UP EARLY, he wasn’t late for the first train.
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
1.Although I am hungry, I can't eat now. Despite being hungry, I can't eat now
2.Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city. Though the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
3. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
5. He couldn't sleep because of his worries. Because being worried, he couldn't sleep
6. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident. Because he drove too fast, he caused a serious accident.
7. He is tired because of staying up late last night. Because he stayed up late last night, he is tired
8. I couldn't he do the test because it was difficult. Because of the difficult test, I couldn't do it
9. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train. In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train
Change Clause of reason to phrases or vice-versa. ( because of => because; because=> because of)
1 Many families break up because of a lack of money.
Many families break up because they lack money.
2 Because of an explosion of gas line, severa houses burned down
Because the gas line explosed , severa houses burned down
3 We postponed our trip because of the bad driving conditions
We postponed our trip because of the driving conditions are bad.
4 I could not make a good choice because of many advertisements
I could not make a good choice there are many advertisements.
5 Rice plants grown well because the climate is warm and damp
Rice plants grown well becauseof the warm and damp climate.
6 We have to cut down on our driving because of the oi shortage
We have to cut down on our driving because of there is an oil shortage.
7 The World Trade Center fell down because it was acttacked by terrorist
The World Trade Center fell down because of the attack of the terrorist.
8/ The student understood that mathetical problem very well because his teacherexplained it clearly.
The student understood that mathetical problem very well because of the clear explanation of his teacher.
9 He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowned and narrow
He couldn't drive fast because of the crowded and narrow street.
10 I couldn't get to sleep ast night because of the noise in the next apartment
I couldn't get to sleep last night the loud noise in the next apartment.
11 Because of the busy pace of morden life, many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world
Because the modern life's is busy many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world
12 He was refused because he lacked experiment
He was refused because his lack of experiment
Change Clause of reason to phrases or vice-versa. ( because of => because; because=> because of)
1 Many families break up because of a lack of money.
=> Many families break up because they lacked money.
2 Because of an explosion of gas line, severa houses burned down
=> Because the gas line exploded, several houses burned down.
3 We postponed our trip because of the bad driving conditions
=> We postponed our trip because the driving conditions were bad.
4 I could not make a good choice because of many advertisements
=> I could not make a good choice because there were many advertisements.
5 Rice plants grown well because the climate is warm and damp
=> Rice plants grown well because of the warm and damp climate.
6 We have to cut down on our driving because of the oi shortage
=> We have to cut down on our driving because there was not enough oil.
7 The World Trade Center fell down because it was acttacked by terrorist
=> The World Trade Center fell down because of being attacked by terrorists.
8/ The student understood that mathetical problem very well because his teacherexplained it clearly.
=> The student understood that mathematical problem very well because of his teacher's clear explanation.
9 He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowned and narrow
=> He couldn't drive fast because of the crowded and narrow street.
10 I couldn't get to sleep ast night because of the noise in the next apartment
=> I couldn't get to sleep last night because the next apartment was noisy.
11 Because of the busy pace of morden life, many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world
=> Because the pace of modern life is busy, many children spend most of their timeindoors and have little exposure to natural to the natural world.
12 He was refused because he lacked experiment
=> He was refused because of his lack of experiment.
21.Although Nam was very tired, he tried to finish his work.
Nam was very tired, however, he tried to finish his work.
22.We couldn't go camping because of the storm.
The storm prevented us from going camping
23.It's ages since I last talked to him.
I have not talked to him for ages
24.The book was so interesting that we couldn’t put it down.
It was such an interesting book that we couldn’t put it down.
25.He said to me “ Don’t stay up late. ”
He told me notto stay up late
21.Although Nam was very tired, he tried to finish his work. However ___________Nam was very tired, he tried to finish his work________________________________.
22.We couldn't go camping because of the storm. The storm __________prevented us from going camping_________________________________.
23.It's ages since I last talked to him. I have _______not taken to him for agess____________________________________.
24.The book was so interesting that we couldn’t put it down. It was ________such an interesting book that we couldn't put it down___________________________________. 25.He said to me “ Don’t stay up late. ” He told me ___________not to stay up late______________________________
We couldn't drive because of the fog.
-> The fog prevented us from driving.
...prevented us from driving