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a, Ta có: \(3^{21}>3^{20}\left(1\right)\)
\(2^{31}>2^{30}\)(2)
Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3^{20}=3^{2.10}=\left(3^2\right)^{10}=9^{10}\\2^{30}=2^{3.10}=\left(2^3\right)^{10}=8^{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(9>8\Rightarrow9^{10}>8^{10}\Rightarrow3^{20}>2^{30}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1);(2) và (3) ta suy ra \(3^{21}>2^{31}\)
a)\(3^{21}=\left(3^2\right)^{10}.3=9^{10.3}\)
\(2^{31}=\left(2^3\right)^{10}.2=8^{10}.2\)
Vì \(9^{10}.3>8^{10}.2\Rightarrow3^{21}>2^{31}\)
b)\(A=\dfrac{1+5+5^2+...+5^9}{1+5+5^2+...+5^8}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1+5+5^2+...+5^8}{1+5+5^2+...+5^8}+\dfrac{5^9}{1+5+5^2+...+5^8}\)
\(A=1+\dfrac{5^9}{1+5+5^2+..+5^9}\)
A=\(1+1:\dfrac{1+5+5^2+...+5^9}{5^9}\)
\(A=1+1:\left(\dfrac{1}{5^9}+\dfrac{1}{5^8}+\dfrac{1}{5^7}+...+\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\)
Tương tự \(B=1+1:\left(\dfrac{1}{3^9}+\dfrac{1}{3^8}+\dfrac{1}{3^7}+...+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{5^9}+\dfrac{1}{5^8}+\dfrac{1}{5^7}+....+\dfrac{1}{5}< \dfrac{1}{3^9}+\dfrac{1}{3^8}+...+\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>B\)
a) \(S=5+5^2+...+5^{2006}\)
\(5S=5^2+5^3+...+5^{2007}\)
\(5S-S=5^2+5^3+...+5^{2007}-5-5^2-...-5^{2006}\)
\(4S=5^{2007}-5\)
\(S=\dfrac{5^{2007}-5}{4}\)
b) Ta có:
\(S=5+5^2+...+5^{2006}\)
\(S=\left(5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4\right)+...+\left(5^{2005}+5^{2006}\right)\)
\(S=\left(5+25\right)+5^2\cdot\left(5+25\right)+...+5^{2004}\cdot\left(5+25\right)\)
\(S=30+5^2\cdot30+...+5^{2004}\cdot30\)
\(S=30\cdot\left(1+5^2+...+5^{2004}\right)\)
Vậy: S ⋮ 30
Bài 3:
\(A=5+5^2+..+5^{12}\)
\(5A=5\cdot\left(5+5^2+..5^{12}\right)\)
\(5A=5^2+5^3+...+5^{13}\)
\(5A-A=\left(5^2+5^3+...+5^{13}\right)-\left(5+5^2+...+5^{12}\right)\)
\(4A=5^2+5^3+...+5^{13}-5-5^2-...-5^{12}\)
\(4A=5^{13}-5\)
\(A=\dfrac{5^{13}-5}{4}\)
Ta có: \(A=1+2+2^2+....+2^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2.\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A-A=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...2^{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2^{101}-1\)
5:
a: \(3^{2n}=\left(3^2\right)^n=9^n\)
\(\left(2^{3n}\right)=\left(2^3\right)^n=8^n\)
=>\(3^{2n}>2^{3n}\)
b: \(199^{20}=\left(199^4\right)^5=1568239201^5\)
\(2003^{15}=\left(2003^3\right)^5=8036054027^5\)
mà \(1568239201< 8036054027\)
nên \(199^{20}< 2003^{15}\)
4: \(100< 5^{2x-1}< 5^6\)
mà \(25< 100< 125\)
nên \(125< 5^{2x-1}< 5^6\)
=>3<2x-1<6
=>4<2x<7
=>2<x<7/2
mà x nguyên
nên x=3
\(a.S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{20}\\2S=2^2+2^3+...+2^{21}\\ 2S-S=\left(2^2+2^3+...+2^{21}\right)-\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{20}\right)\\ S=2^{21}-2\\ b,A=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{96}\\ 5A=5^2+5^3+5^4+.......+5^{97}\\ 5A-A=\left(5^2+5^3+...+5^{97}\right)-\left(5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{96}\right)\\ 4A=5^{97}-5\\ A=\dfrac{5^{97}-5}{4}\)
\(S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2\left(1+2^1+2^2+...+2^{19}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2.\dfrac{2^{19+1}-1}{2-1}=2\left(2^{20}-1\right)\)
\(B=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{96}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=5\left(1+5^1+5^2+...+5^{95}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=5.\dfrac{5^{95+1}-1}{5-1}=\dfrac{5\left(5^{96}-1\right)}{4}\)
Bài 2:
1: \(2A=2+2^2+...+2^{2011}\)
=>\(A=2^{2011}-1>B\)
2: \(A=\left(2010-1\right)\left(2010+1\right)=2010^2-1< B\)
3: \(A=1000^{10}\)
\(B=2^{100}=1024^{10}\)
mà 1000<1024
nên A<B
5: \(A=3^{450}=27^{150}\)
\(B=5^{300}=25^{150}\)
mà 27>25
nên A>B
a, S = 2 + 22 + 23 + ...+ 220
2S = 22 + 23 +...+ 220 + 221
2S - S = 221 - 2
S = 221 - 2
b, A = 5 + 52 + 53 +...+ 596
5A = 52 + 53 +...+ 596 + 597
5A - A = 597 - 5
4A = 597 - 5
A = \(\dfrac{5^{97}-5}{4}\)