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sửa lại đề : Chứng tỏ rằng : A = \(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+...+\frac{2013}{2014!}< 1\)
bài làm
A = \(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+...+\frac{2013}{2014!}\)
A = \(\frac{2-1}{2!}+\frac{3-1}{3!}+...+\frac{2014-1}{2014!}\)
A = \(1-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{3}{3!}-\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{2014}{2014!}-\frac{1}{2014!}\)
A = \(1-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{2!}-\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{2013!}-\frac{1}{2014!}\)
A = \(1-\frac{1}{2014!}< 1\)
\(\frac{1}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2\cdot2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3\cdot3}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3}\)
.......................................
\(\frac{1}{2014^2}=\frac{1}{2014\cdot2014}< \frac{1}{2013\cdot2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\frac{1}{2013\cdot2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2014}=\frac{2013}{2014}\)
có : Q = [ 2 + 2^2 ] + [ 2^3 +2^4] + ... + [2^9 + 2^10]
Q = 2 [1+2] +2^3[1 +2]+ ...+ 2^9 [1+2]
Q = 2 . 3+2^3 .3 +... + 2^9 .3
Q = 3. [ 2 + 2^3 +... + 2^9]
Vậy Q chia hết cho 3
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2014^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}+\left(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2014^2}\right)\)
Nhận xét: \(\frac{1}{2^2}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{1}{3\cdot4}\)
\(\frac{1}{5^2}< \frac{1}{4\cdot5}\)
...
\(\frac{1}{2014^2}< \frac{1}{2013\cdot2014}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\left(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2014^2}\right)< \frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{2013\cdot2014}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{3019}{4028}\)
mà \(\frac{3019}{4028}< \frac{3021}{4028}=\frac{3}{4}\)
nên \(A< \frac{3}{4}\)(đpcm)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+.....+\frac{1}{2014^2}\)
\(< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+.....+\frac{1}{2013\cdot2014}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+.....+\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2014}\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2014}\)
\(< \frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có :
\(A=\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3}+\frac{1}{1+2+3+3}+...+\frac{1}{1+2+3+...+99}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{\frac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{3\left(3+1\right)}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{4\left(4+1\right)}{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\frac{99\left(99+1\right)}{2}}\)
\(A=\frac{2}{2\left(2+1\right)}+\frac{2}{3\left(3+1\right)}+\frac{2}{4\left(4+1\right)}+...+\frac{2}{99\left(99+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{2}{2.3}+\frac{2}{3.4}+\frac{2}{4.5}+...+\frac{2}{99.100}\)
\(A=2\left(\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(A=2.\frac{49}{100}\)
\(A=\frac{49}{50}\)
Lại có :
\(\frac{1}{2^2}>\frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}>\frac{1}{3.4}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}>\frac{1}{4.5}\)
\(............\)
\(\frac{1}{49^2}>\frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(B=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{49^2}>1+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(B>1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}\)
\(B>1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{50}\)
\(B>1+\frac{12}{25}=\frac{37}{25}=\frac{74}{50}>\frac{49}{50}=A\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(B>A\)
Vậy \(A< B\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
........
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
=> \(A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}=1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)
Đpcm
Bài 5 :
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{59}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{50}\)
từ trên ta có : \(1-\frac{1}{50}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\)
\(n^2>\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\Rightarrow\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right).\)
Do đó: \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2013^2}+\frac{1}{2014^2}< \frac{1}{1.3}+\frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{3.5}+...+\frac{1}{2012.2014}+\frac{1}{2013.2015}=\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}[1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2015}]=\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}[1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2015}]=\frac{1}{2}[\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2015}]=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{1}{2015}\right)< \frac{3}{4}.\)