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\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=12,5\\x+y=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=6\left(g\right)\\ b.Tacó:BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}.1>n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow HCldưsauphảnứng\\ Dungdịchsauphảnứnggồm:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2:0,1\left(mol\right)\\MgCl_2:0,25\left(mol\right)\\HCl_{dư}:0,8-0,7=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{ddsaupu}=200+12,5-0,35.2=212,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{212,8}.100=6,39\%;C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{212,8}.100=11,16\%;C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{212,8}.100=1,72\%\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư
Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đáp án A
n H 2 = 0 , 2 ( m o l )
=> mhh= mFe + mAl
Bảo toàn electron:
Bài 6 : Chất rắn không tan là Cu
$m_{Cu} = 6,4(gam)$
Gọi $n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 24b + 6,4 = 14,2(1)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{14,2}.100\% = 38,03\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{14,2}.100\% =16,9\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -38,03\% - 16,9\% = 45,07\%$
Bài 7 :
Gọi $n_{CuO} = a(mol) ; n_{ZnO} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 80a + 81b = 12,1(1)$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,1.3 = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a= 0,05 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{CuO} = \dfrac{0,05.80}{12,1}.100\% = 33,06\%$
$\%m_{ZnO} = 100\% - 33,06\% = 66,94\%$
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 65b = 15,3(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : $a = \dfrac{81}{410} ; b = \dfrac{21}{205}$
$m_{Mg} = \dfrac{81}{410}.24 = 4,74(gam)$
$m_{Zn} = 15,3 - 4,74 = 10,56(gam)$
Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=m_{hh}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=309,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=309,6-300=9,6\left(g\right)\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 27x + 102y = 18,54 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,032}{22,4}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 3x = 0,18.2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,12\left(mol\right)\\y=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,12.27}{18,54}.100\%\approx17,5\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}\approx82,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
_ Khi cho hỗn hợp tác dụng với H2SO4 đặc, nóng.
Giả sử: \(n_{SO_2}=a\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 3.0,12 = 2a ⇒ x = 0,18 (mol)
Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,36.1=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{KOH}}{n_{SO_2}}=\dfrac{0,36}{0,18}=2\)
⇒ Pư tạo muối trung hòa K2SO3.
PT: \(SO_2+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_3+H_2O\)
___0,18____________0,18 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{K_2SO_3}}=\dfrac{0,18}{0,36}=0,5M\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 56b = 11,84
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a--->2a--------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b-->2b-------->b------>b
=> 2a + 2b = 0,56
=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a) Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ b) n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 7,5(1)\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{7,5}.100\% = 64\%\\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% - 64\% = 36\%\)