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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Gọi CTHH của oxit KL là A2On.
PT: \(A_2O_n+nH_2SO_4\rightarrow A_2\left(SO_4\right)_n+nH_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{4,8}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n.n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{4,8n}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,8n}{2M_A+16n}.98=\dfrac{470,4n}{2M_A+16n}\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{470,4n}{2M_A+16n}}{10\%}=\dfrac{4704n}{2M_A+16}\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = \(4,8+\dfrac{4704n}{2M_A+16}\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{A_2\left(SO_4\right)_n}=n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{4,8}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{A_2\left(SO_4\right)_n}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4,8.\left(2M_A+96n\right)}{2M_A+16}}{4,8+\dfrac{4704n}{2M_A+16n}}.100\%=12,9\%\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A\approx18,65m\)
Với m = 3, MA = 56 (g/mol) là thỏa mãn.
→ A là Fe.
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{4,8}{160}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi CTHH của muối P là Fe2(SO4)3.nH2O.
Có: H = 80% ⇒ nP = 0,03.80% = 0,024 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow M_P=\dfrac{13,488}{0,024}=562\left(g/mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow400+18n=562\Rightarrow n=9\)
Vậy: CTHH của P là Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PT: \(MO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{MO}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MSO_4}=n_{MO}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}.98=\dfrac{980}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{980}{M_M+16}}{24,5\%}=\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd A = \(10+\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MSO_4}=\dfrac{\left(M_M+96\right).\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}}{10+\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}}.100\%=33,33\%\)
\(\Rightarrow M_M=64\left(g/mol\right)\)
Vậy: M là Cu.
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{10}{80}=0,125\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4\left(A\right)}\)
m dd A = 60 (g) ⇒ m dd B = 60 - 15,625 = 44,375 (g)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{44,375.\dfrac{1600}{71}\%}{160}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT Cu, có: \(n_{CuSO_4.nH_2O\left(C\right)}=0,125-0,0625=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_C=\dfrac{15,625}{0,0625}=250\left(g/mol\right)\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{250-160}{18}=5\)
Vậy: C là CuSO4.5H2O
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
b) M2Om + mH2SO4 --> M2(SO4)m + mH2O (1)
giả sử nM2Om=1(mol)
=>mM2Om=(2MM+16m) (g)
theo (1) : nH2SO4=m.nM2Om=m(mol)
=>mdd H2SO4=980m(g)
nM2(SO4)m=nM2Om=1(mol)
=>mM2(SO4)m=(2MM+96m) (g)
=>\(\dfrac{2MM+96m}{2MM+16m+980m}.100=12,9\left(\%\right)\)
=>MM=18,65m(g/mol)
Xét => MM=56(g/mol)
=>M:Fe, M2Om:Fe2O3
nFe2O3=0,02(mol)
giả sử tinh thể muối đó là Fe2(SO4)3.nH2O
theo (1) : nFe2(SO4)3=nFe2O3=0,02(mol)
ta có : nFe2(SO4)3.nH2O=nFe2(SO4)3=0,02(mol)
Mà H=70(%)
=>nFe2(SO4)3.nH2O(thực tế)=0,014(mol)
=>0,014(400+18n)=7,868
=>n=9
=>CT :Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nH2SO4 = \(\frac{300.9,8\%}{98}\) = 0,3 (mol)
M2O3 + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) M2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,1 \(\leftarrow\) 0,3 ---------> 0,1 (mol)
MM2O3 = \(\frac{10,2}{0,1}\)= 102 (g/mol)
\(\Rightarrow\) M = \(\frac{102-3.16}{2}\) = 27 (Al)
=> Al2O3
C%(muối)= \(\frac{0,1.342}{10,2+300}\) . 100% = 11,03 %
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