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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ac\left(x-z\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{bcy^2+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{bcy^2+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2-a^2x^2-b^2y^2-c^2z^2-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{ax^2\left(a+b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+b+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt B là mẫu thức của P thì :
B = ab(x - y)2 + bc(y - z)2 + ca(z - x)2 = abx2 - 2abxy + aby2 + bcy2 - 2bcyz + bcz2 + caz2 - 2cazx + cax2
= ax2(b + c) + by2(a + c) + cz2(a + b) - 2(bcyz + acxz + abxy) (1)
ax + by + cz = 0 => (ax + by + cz)2 = 0 <=> a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2 + 2(bcyz + acxz + abxy) = 0
=> -2(bcyz + acxz + abxy) = a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2),ta có : B = ax2(b + c) + by2(a + c) + cz2(a + b) + a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2
= ax2(a + b + c) + by2(a + b + c) + cz2(a + b + c) = (a + b + c)(ax2 + by2 + cz2)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{a+b+c}=2017\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
ĐK\(\Rightarrow (ax+by+cz)^2=0\Rightarrow 2(axby+axcz+bycz)=-(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2)\)
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{bc(y^2+z^2)+ca(z^2+x^2)+ab(x^2+y^2)-2(bcyz+caxz+abxy)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{bc(y^2+z^2)+ca(z^2+x^2)+ab(x^2+y^2)+(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{(ax^2+by^2+cz^2)(a+b+c)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Từ giả thiết ta có: \(ax+by+cz=0\Rightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2=-2\left(axby+bycz+axcz\right)\)
Ta biến đổi mẫu của biểu thức A:
\(bc\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+ac\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)+ab\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(bycz+axcz+axby\right)\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=\left(bcz^2+abx^2+b^2y^2\right)+\left(bcy^2+acx^2+c^2z^2\right)+\left(acz^2+aby^2+a^2x^2\right)\)
\(=b\left(cz^2+ax^2+by^2\right)+c\left(by^2+ax^2+cz^2\right)+a\left(cz^2+by^2+ax^2\right)\)
\(=\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(bc(y-z)^{2}+ac(x-z)^{2}+ab(x-y)^{2}\)
\(=(abx^2+cax^2)+(bcy^2+aby^2)+(caz^2+bcz^2)-2(ax.by+by.cz+cz.ax)\)
\(=ax^2(2017-a)+by^2(2017-b)+cz^2(2017-c)-2(ax.by+by.cz+cz.ax)\)
\(=2017(ax^2+by^2+cz^2)-[a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2(ax.by+by.cz+cz.ax)]\)
\(=2017(ax^2+by^2+cz^2)-(ax+by+cz)^2\)
\(=2017(ax^2+by^2+cz^2)\)
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{2017}\)
bài của bạn Phạm Quốc Cường phải là 2007 chứ không phải 2017
\(ax+by+cz=0\Rightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2=-2\left(axby+bycz+axcz\right)\)
Ta co
\(\dfrac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ac\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{bcy^2-2bcyz+bcz^2+acz^2-2aczx+acx^2+abx^2-2abxy+aby^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{bcy^2+bcz^2+acz^2+acx^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(axby+bcyz+axcz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{bcy^2+bcz^2+acz^2+acx^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(acx^2+abx^2+a^2x^2\right)+\left(bcy^2+aby^2+b^2y^2\right)+\left(c^2z^2+acz^2+bcz^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{ax^2\left(a+b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+b+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) ( dpcm)