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Giả sử tất cả các tỷ lệ thức đều có nghĩa.
Từ: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\)
Và suy ra: \(\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)
Và Từ: \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{d}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\Leftrightarrow cd.\left(a^2+b^2\right)=ab.\left(c^2+d^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cda^2+cdb^2=abc^2+abd^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cdb^2-abc^2=abd^2-cda^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cb.\left(db-ac\right)=ad.\left(bd-ca\right)\Leftrightarrow cb=ad\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)(ĐK: bd-ac khác 0)
a)\(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.b}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2k^2-b^2}{d^2k^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2\left(k^2-1\right)}{d^2\left(k^2-1\right)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(2\right)\)
từ\(\left(1\right)\)và\(\left(2\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\) thì \(a=bk,c=dk\).
\(\frac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\frac{2bk+3b}{2bk-3b}=\frac{b\left(2k+3\right)}{b\left(2k-3\right)}=\frac{2k+3}{2k-3}\\ \frac{2c+3d}{2c-3d}=\frac{2dk+3d}{2dk-3d}=\frac{d\left(2k+3\right)}{d\left(2k-3\right)}=\frac{2k+3}{2k-3}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{2a+3b}{2a-3b}=\frac{2c+3d}{2c-3d}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{a.b}{c.d}=\frac{a^2+b^2+a.b}{c^2+d^2+c.d}=\frac{a^2+a.b+b^2+a.b}{c^2+c.d+d^2+c.d}\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{a.b}{c.d}=\frac{a\left(a+b\right)+b\left(a+b\right)}{c\left(c+d\right)+d\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(c+d\right)}\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{a.b}{c.d}\Rightarrow\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{b\left(c+d\right)}{d\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ca+cb}{ca+ad}=\frac{bc+bd}{ad+bd}=\frac{ca+bd}{ca-bd}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow ca+cb=ca+ad\)
\(\Rightarrow cb=ad\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
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\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}.\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a^2}{b^2};\frac{a}{b}.\frac{c}{d}=\frac{c}{d}.\frac{c}{d}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}\\ \Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}.\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c}{d}\right)^2=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c}{d}\right)^2=\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{c}{d}=\frac{ac}{bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)
Vậy ...
Giải : Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó, ta có : \(\frac{bk.dk}{bd}=\frac{bdk^2}{bd}=k^2\)(1)
\(\frac{\left(bk\right)^2-\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2.k^2-d^2.k^2}{b^2-d^2}=\frac{\left(b^2-d^2\right).k^2}{b^2-d^2}=k^2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra : \(\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)
Giả sử tất cả các tỷ lệ thức đều có nghĩa.
Từ: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{d}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
Tương tự từ tỷ lệ thức ban đầu \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)cũng suy ra: \(\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)