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\(x+y+2=4xy\Rightarrow x+y+2\le\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)-2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-2\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y-2\ge0\) (do x+y+1>0 với mọi x,y>0)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\ge2\)
Có \(x+y+\dfrac{1}{x+y}=\left(x+y\right)+\dfrac{4}{x+y}-\dfrac{3}{x+y}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right).\dfrac{4}{x+y}}-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=1
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức là \(\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Áp dụng bđt : \(\dfrac{1}{a}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)(dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ a=b)
⇒ P= \(\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{y+2}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{x+1+y+2}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{3+3}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy Pmin=\(\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; dấu '=" xảy ra ⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=y+2\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz : \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=4\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{1}{2xy}=\dfrac{2}{4xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=2\)
Cộng vế với vế được P \(\ge6\) ("=" khi x = y = 1/2)
Vậy Min P = 6 <=> x = y = 1/2
Nếu tồn tại 1 số bằng 0 \(\Rightarrow P=1\)
Nếu x;y đều dương:
\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài này có thể tìm được cả max:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+1}\le x\\x+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x+1}\le y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{x}{y+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+1}\le x+y=1\)
\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right)\) và hoán vị
\(A\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{x+y}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(x+y=1\Rightarrow x=1-y\)
\(C=x^2+y^2+xy=\left(1-y\right)^2+y^2+\left(1-y\right)y\)
\(=y^2-y+1\)\(=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall y\)
=>minC=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có :
\(x+y=1\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy+y^2=1-xy\ge1-\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2=1-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Hay \(C \ge \dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{3\left(2x+y\right)}{16}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}+\dfrac{5}{16}\left(2x+y\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{16}.3}+\dfrac{5}{16}.2\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{11}{4}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = 1; y = 2.
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\)
\(M=\dfrac{3\left(2x+y\right)}{16}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}+\dfrac{5\left(2x+y\right)}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9\left(2x+y\right)}{16\left(2x+y\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{16}.2\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
Ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{2x+y}{xx}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}=\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\right)+\dfrac{5}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}\)
Có: \(\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}\dfrac{3}{2x+y}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2x+y}\)
Có: \(\dfrac{5}{8}\dfrac{2x+y}{2}\ge\dfrac{5}{8}\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2x=y,xy=2\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=2\)
Vậy GTNN của M là \(\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 2 số dương, ta có:
\(\left[\left(x+y\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\right]\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right).\dfrac{1}{x+y}}=2\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x+y=\dfrac{1}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
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