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\(=\left[\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a^2+a+1}+\dfrac{2a^2-4a-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a-1}\right]:\dfrac{2a}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3-3a^2+3a-1+2a^2-4a-1+a^2+a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2a}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\)
\(\text{GIẢI :}\)
ĐKXĐ : \(a\ne\pm1\).
\(M=\frac{1}{a^2-2a+1}-\left(\frac{a}{a^2-1}-\frac{1}{a^3-a}\right):\frac{a^2-2a+1}{a+a^3}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2-2a+1}-\left(\frac{a}{a^2-1}-\frac{1}{a\left(a^2-1\right)}\right):\frac{a^2-2a+1}{a+a^3}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2-2a+1}-\left(\frac{a^2}{a\left(a^2-1\right)}-\frac{1}{a\left(a^2-1\right)}\right):\frac{a^2-2a+1}{a+a^3}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2-2a+1}-\frac{a^2-1}{a\left(a^2-1\right)}:\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a\left(1+a^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2-2a+1}-\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a\left(a^2-1\right)}\cdot\frac{a\left(a^2+1\right)}{1+a^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2-2a+1}-\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{1+a^2}=\frac{-a^2}{\left(a-1\right)^2}\).
a) \(ĐKXĐ:\hept{\begin{cases}a\ne1\\a\ne0\end{cases}}\)
\(M=\left(\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{3a+\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{a^3-1}+\frac{1}{a-1}\right)\div\frac{a^3+4a}{4a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a^2+a+1}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}+\frac{1}{a-1}\right):\frac{a^2+4}{4a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^3-1+2a^2-4a+a^2+a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{a^3-3a^2+3a-1-1+2a^2-4a+a^2+a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{a^3-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\frac{4a^2}{a^2+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{4a^2}{a^2+4}\)
b) Ta có : \(\frac{4a^2}{a^2+4}=\frac{4\left(a^2+4\right)-16}{a^2+4}\)
\(=4-\frac{16}{a^2+4}\)
Để M đạt giá trị lớn nhất
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{16}{a^2+4}\)min
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+4\)max
\(\Leftrightarrow a\)max
Vậy để M đạt giá trị lớn nhất thì a phải đạ giá trị lớn nhất.
b. Sử dụng các hằng đẳng thức
\(a^3+b^3+c^2-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
và \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
nên \(A=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Do (a - b) + (b - c) + (c - a) = 0 nên áp dụng hđt \(X^2+Y^2+Z^2=-2\left(XY+YZ+ZX\right)\)khi X + Y + Z = 0, ta có:
\(A=-2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right).\)
Bài 1 :
\(b,ax^2+3ax+9=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x+3ax+9-a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax\left(a+3\right)+\left(a+3\right)\left(3-a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+3\right)\left(ax+3-a\right)=0\)
Vì \(a\ne3\Rightarrow\left(a+3\right)\ne0\Rightarrow ax+3-a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax=a-3\)
Vì \(a\ne0\Rightarrow x=\frac{a-3}{a}\)
a) \(a\ne0;a\ne1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left[\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{3a+\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{a^3-1}+\frac{1}{a-1}\right]:\frac{a^3+4a}{4a^2}\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a^2+a+1}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}+\frac{1}{a-1}\right]\cdot\frac{4a^2}{a\left(a^2+4\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^3-1+2a^2-4a+a^2+a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\)
\(=\frac{a^3-1}{a^3-1}\cdot\frac{4a}{a^2+4}=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\)
Vậy \(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\left(a\ne0;a\ne1\right)\)
b) \(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\left(a\ne0;a\ne1\right)\)
M>0 khi 4a>0 => a>0
Kết hợp với ĐKXĐ
Vậy M>0 khi a>0 và a\(\ne\)1
c) \(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\left(a\ne0;a\ne1\right)\)
\(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}=\frac{\left(a^2+4\right)-\left(a^2-4a+4\right)}{a^2+4}=1-\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}\)
Vì \(\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}\ge0\forall a\)nên \(1-\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}\le1\forall a\)
Dấu "=" <=> \(\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
Vậy \(Max_M=1\)khi a=2