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\(a,\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow a>1\cdot b=b\\ \dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< 1\cdot b=b\\ b,\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+a}{b^2+b}\\ \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}=\dfrac{b\left(a+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\)
\(c,\forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{a-b}{b}>\dfrac{a-b}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;a-b>0\right)=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b-a}{b}>\dfrac{b-a}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;b-a>0\right)=1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}>1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}=\dfrac{a}{b}\left(=1\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{\overline{ab}}{\overline{bc}}=\dfrac{a}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{10a+b}{10b+c}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{9a+b}{10b}\\ =\dfrac{111...11\left(9a+b\right)}{111...11.10b}\)(có n chữ số 1 trong 111...11)
\(\dfrac{999...99a+111...11b}{111.110b}\\ =\dfrac{999...99a+a+111...11}{111.10b+c}=\dfrac{abbb...bb}{bbb...bc}=\dfrac{a}{c}\)(đpcm)
Bài 3 :
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{1}{2023!}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}=\dfrac{1}{2.1}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}< 1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3!}=\dfrac{1}{3.2.1}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}< 1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4!}=\dfrac{1}{4.3.2.1}< \dfrac{1}{3!}< \dfrac{1}{2!}< 1\)
.....
\(\)\(\dfrac{1}{2023!}=\dfrac{1}{2023.2022....2.1}< \dfrac{1}{2022!}< ...< \dfrac{1}{2!}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{1}{2023!}< 1\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+n\right)< b\left(a+n\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab+an< ab+bn\)\(\Leftrightarrow a< b\) (vì \(n>0\)).
Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a< b.\)
Tương tự
\(\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a>b\) ;
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a=b\).
Nếu a,b cùng dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}\ge0\)
Nếu a,b khác dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 0\)
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0,b>0\\a\le0,b< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\ge0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0,b< 0\\a\le0,b>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\le0\)
$A=\frac{5n+1}{n+1}=\frac{5(n+1)-4}{n+1}=5-\frac{4}{n+1}\in \mathbb{Z}$
$\Leftrightarrow n+1\in Ư(4)=\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}$
Mà $n\in\mathbb{N}$
$\Rightarrow n\in\left\{0;1;3\right\}$
\(A=\dfrac{5n+1}{n+1}=\dfrac{5\left(n+1\right)-4}{n+1}=\dfrac{5\left(n+1\right)}{n+1}-\dfrac{4}{n+1}=5-\dfrac{4}{n+1}\).ĐK:n≠-1
để \(Anguy\text{ê}n.th\text{ì}4⋮(n+1)\\ \Rightarrow n+1\in\text{Ư}\left(4\right)=\left\{1;2;4\right\}\)
ta có bảng sau :
n+1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
n | 0 | 1 | 3 |
vậy....
Nếu \(a>b\Rightarrow an>bn\Rightarrow ab+an>ab+bn\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+n\right)>b\left(a+n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}< \dfrac{a}{b}\)
Nếu \(a< b\Rightarrow an< bn\Rightarrow ab+an< ab+bn\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+n\right)< b\left(a+n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}>\dfrac{a}{b}\)