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\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{10,8}{24}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
0,45 0,45 0,45
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.98=44,1\left(g\right)\\
C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{44,1}{176,4}.100\%=25\%\\
V_{H_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ pthh:FeO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
(mol)_____0,2____0,2______0,2____0,2__
\(a.V_{H_2}=22,4.0,2=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98.100}{24,5}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c.m_{ddspu}=13+80-0,2.2=92,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddspu}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{92,6}.100=29,4\left(\%\right)\)
a, \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,3.161=48,3\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{64}{160}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\), ta được Fe2O3 dư.
Mà: H% = 30% \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,3.30\%=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,03=0,37\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Fe}+m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=62,56\left(g\right)\)
a) Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
0,4-->0,4------->0,4---->0,4
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4.161=64,4\left(g\right)\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,4.2=0,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
0,4 0,4 0,4
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,8.98=78,4\left(g\right)\\
m_{ZnSO_4}=136.0,4=54,4\left(g\right)\\
m_{H_2}=0,4.2=0,6\left(g\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\cdot342=17,1\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
______0,1--->0,15-------->0,05------->0,15
=> mH2SO4 = 0,15.98 = 14,7 (g)
b) VH2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
c) mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,05.342 = 17,1 (g)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,12}{56}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,02->0,02------------------>0,02
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,02.22,4=0,448\left(l\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{100}.100\%=1,96\%\)
d) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,8}{80}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,01 < 0,02 => H2 dư
Theo pthh: nCu = nCuO = 0,01 (mol)
=> mCu = 0,01.64 = 0,64 (g)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
0,2--->0,2--------->0,2------>0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{20\%}=98\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{1,14}=86\left(ml\right)=0,086\left(l\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,086}=2,33M\)