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nH2 = 2.24/22.4 = 0.1 (mol)
Na + H2O => NaOH + 1/2 H2
0.2....................0.2..........0.1
mNa = 0.2 * 23 = 4.6 (g)
mNa2O = 17 - 4.6 = 12.4 (g)
nNa2O = 12.4/62 = 0.2 (mol)
Na2O + H2O => 2NaOH
0.2........................0.4
nNaOH = 0.2 + 0.4 = 0.6 (mol)
mNaOH = 0.6 * 40 = 24 (g)
nCuO = 24/80 = 0.3 (mol)
CuO + H2 -t0-> Cu + H2O
1...........1
0.3.........0.1
LTL : 0.3/1 > 0.1/1
=> CuO dư
nCu = nH2 = 0.1 (mol)
mCu = 0.1 * 64 = 6.4 (g)
a, \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_K=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,1.23}{0,1.23+3,9}.100\%\approx37,1\%\\\%m_K\approx62,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\) (2)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\) (3)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na}=2n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=2\cdot\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{H_2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot23}{16,4}\cdot100\%\approx28,05\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot56}{16,4}\cdot100\%\approx17,07\%\\\%m_{Na_2O}=54,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol Na, Zn là a, b
=> 23a + 65b = 14,3
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
- Nếu Zn tan hết
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
______a-------------------->a---->0,5a
2NaOH + Zn --> Na2ZnO2 + H2
__2b<----b-------------------->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b\le a\\0,5a+b=14,3\end{matrix}\right.\) => Loại
=> Zn không tan hết => NaOH hết
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
______a------------------->a---->0,5a
2NaOH + Zn --> Na2ZnO2 + H2
_a--------------------------->0,5a
=> 0,5a + 0,5a = 0,1
=> a = 0,1
=> mNa = 0,1.23 = 2,3 (g)
=> mZn = 14,3 - 2,3 = 12(g)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na}=2n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Na}=0,1.23=2,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2O}=8,5-2,3=6,2\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)
Do HNO3 nóng dư nên Fe, Cu pứ hết --> Fe3+ & Cu2+
M(B) = 36 --> nNO : nNO2 = 5:3
Khi cho đ sau pứ tác dụng vs NH3 dư thì --> Fe(OH)3 ko tan, Cu(NH3)4(OH)2 tan
--> Chất rắn sau nung: Fe2O3: n = 0,05 --> nFe = 0,1 -->mFe = 5,6, mCu = 6,4g
Từ nFe, nCu, bảo toàn electron --> nNO, nNO2 --> V
c, Dung dịch kiềm> Vì trong dd D có NH4NHO3, nên cho kiềm vào sẽ sinh ra NH3.
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Na}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Na}=0,6.23=13,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{Na_2O}=26,2-13,8=12,4\left(g\right)\\b, n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{12,4}{62}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=n_{Na}+2.n_{Na_2O}=0,6+\dfrac{12,4}{62}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ m_{c.tan}=m_{NaOH}=0,8.40=32\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{ddNaOH}=m_{hh}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=26,2+200-0,3.2=225,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{32}{225,6}.100\approx14,185\%\)
\(PTHH:Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\frac{1}{2}H_2\\ PTHH:Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(n_{Na}=x;n_{Na_2O}=y\)
\(\Rightarrow hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23x+62y=10,8\\22,4.\frac{x}{2}=2,24\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\frac{23.0,2}{10,8}.100\%=42,6\left(\%\right)\\\%m_{Na_2O}=100-42,6=57,4\left(\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C\%_M=\frac{0,2.40+0,2.40}{10,8+144,9-0,2.2}.100\%=10,3\left(\%\right)\)