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1/ We worked very hard for the exam. Then we passed it.
→ Before we passed the exam, We had worked very hard for it
2/ First my sister considered what to say. Then she decided to talk to her headmaster.
→ After my sister had considered what to say, she decided to talk to her headmaster.
3/ I learned my lessons. Then I went out for a walk.
→ Before I went out for a walk, I had learned my lessons
4/ Her brother bought a new washing machine. First he checked the prices.
→ After Her brother had checked the prices, he bought a new washing machine
5/ My mother took an aspirin. Then she felt a little better.
→ Before My mother felt a little better, she had taken an aspirin
6/ The boys argued. Then they fought.
→ After the boys had argued,they fought.
7/ His aunt went out to the food store. Then she had an accident.
→ Before his aunt had an accident, she had gone out to the food store
8/ We decided to go on a trip to Hue. First we had some problems.
→ After we had had some problems, We decided to go on a trip to Hue
9/ The students read some materials. Then they wrote their assignments.
→ Before The students wrote their assignments, they had read some materials
10/ He watched the football match. Then he wrote a report.
→ After he had watched the football match, he wrote a report.
Ex1: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second sentence means exactly the same as the sentence before it:
1. Although she was not beautiful, she took part in a beauty contest.
-> She wasn't beautiful but she took part in a beauty contest.
2. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.
-> Since it was raining, we decided to postpone our camping.
3. She wants them to sing a song.
-> She suggests they should singing a song.
4. She couldn't come to class because of her illness.
-> As she was ill, she couldn't come to class.
5. She couldn't join us because she was busy.
-> She was busy, so she couldn't join us.
6. Because of having a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell the house.
-> As she had a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell house.
7. Shall we go to the cinema tonight ?
-> What about going to the cinema tonight?
8. They requested us to leave the place at once.
-> They suggested we leaving the place at once.
9. I stay at home because it is raining.
-> As it is raining, I stay at home.
10. She was tired and therefore wanted to go home.
-> She wanted to go home because of tiring
Ex2: Complete the sentences using and / but / so / or / because:
1. I like Linda very much ..but... I don't like her brother.
2. I'd like to live somewhere by the Mediterranean ..because... I love the Sun.
3. We enjoy learning English ....so..... we find it very difficult.
4. I can't go out tonight ....because..... I am short of money.
5. She went to the theatre last night ....and.... had a wonderful time.
6. They can't walk home ......because...... it is very dark.
7. Would you like to drink milk .....or....coffee ?
8. It's raining heavily, ....so.... I can't go out.
9. He did the tests well ...and...I did, too.
10. His life was hard ....but... he studied very well.
Ex3: Use connectives to combine each pair of the sentences:
1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)
-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.
2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)
-> Althought the room is small, it's quite comfortable.
3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)
-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.
4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)
-> Althought the trafic was terrible, our teacher didn't arive late.
5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)
-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.
6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)
-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.
Study well. 
1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)
-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.
2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)
->Although the room is very small, It's quite comfortable.
3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)
-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.
4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)
-> Although the traffic was terrible, our teacher didn't arrive late.
5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)
-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.
6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)
-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.
1. I think you should recycle these plastic carrier bags.
-> If I were you , I would recycle these plastic carrier bags...........................................................
2. She said: "You must keep quiet if you want to stay here"
-> She told me that .......................I had to keep quiet if I wanted to stay there......................................
3. They will widen the gate to let the cars run into the yard easily.
-> The gate ...............will be widened to let the cars run into the yard easily.....................................................................
4. The last time Phong visited Tasmania was five years ago
-> Phong hasn't .................visited Tasmansia for 5 years......................................................
5. Nam said: "I like to do physics experiment"
-> Nam said ........................he liked yo do physics experiment............................
6. They don't have a map, so they get lost.
-> If ...................they had a map, they wouldn't get lost........................................
7. She didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold
-> Because of ...................her bad cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty................................................................
8. If she doesn't work hard, she will not pass her exam
-> Unless .........................she work hard , she won't pass her exam.............................................
9. Is she making big cakes for the party?
-> Are ....big cakes being made for the party by her ?...............................................
10. David had gone home before we arrived.
-> After ..........David had gone home, we arrived..............................................
11. We had lunch then we took a look around the stops.
-> Before ....................we took a look around the stops, we had had lunch...................................................
12. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.
-> By the time ................we got out of the office, the light had gone out...................................................
13. Lan wants to drink some coffee.
-> Lan would ............like to drink some coffee..........................
1.Yes,she did
2.He wanted to see Cinderella again and went to every house in the capital until he found that the shoe was the right size for Cinderella
3.No,it isn’t
1. Yes, she did
2. The prince wanted to see her again and went to every house in the capitaluntil he found that the shoe was the right size for Cinderella
3.No, this is a fairy tale
1. I have never heard him shout at his children.
-> He has never been heard about shouting at his children.
2. We have been doing our work since 8 o'clock.
-> Our work has been done since 8 o'clock.
3. I regret speaking to him so severely yesterday.
-> I wish I hadn't spoken to him so severely yesterday.
4.Unless he phones immediately, he won't get any imformation.
-> If he doesn't phones immediately, he won't get any information.
5. The sky was so clear that i could see millions of stars.
-> It was such clear sky that I could see millions of stars.
6. It's a long time since i last went to a football match.
-> I haven't gone to a football match for a long time.
7. It was such long homework that i couldn't finish it.
-> The homework was so long that I couldn't finish it.
8. We had lunch and then went for a walk by the river.
-> After we had had lunch, we wnt for a walk by the river.
9. Although it was raining heavily, they still came to the party.
-> Despite the heavy rain, they still came to the party.
10. They had no intention of traveling around the world.
-> They didn't intend to travel around the world.
1. I have never heard him shout at his children.
-> He has never been heard to shout at his children.
2. We have been doing our work since 8 o'clock.
-> Our work has been done since 8 o'clock.
3. I regret speaking to him so severely yesterday.
-> I wish i hadn't spoken to him so severely yesterday.
4.Unless he phones immediately, he won't get any imformation.
-> If he doesn't phone immediately, he won't get any imformation.
5. The sky was so clear that i could see millions of stars.
-> It was such a clear sky that i could see millions of stars.
6. It's a long time since i last went to a football match.
-> I haven't gone to a football match for a long time
7. It was such long homework that i couldn't finish it.
-> The homework was so long that i couldn't finish it.
8. We had lunch and then went for a walk by the river.
-> After we had had lunch, we went for a walk by the river.
9. Although it was raining heavily, they still came to the party.
-> Despite the heavy rain, they still came to the party.
10. They had no intention of traveling around the world.
-> They didn't intend to travel around the world.
I. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
1. In spite of leaving home early, I was late for the meeting.
=> Though ..................I LEFT HOME EARLY , I WAS LATE FOR THE MEETING................................................................
2. He turned on the radio in order to listen to the news.
=>.......................HE TURNED ON THE RADIO......................so that......................HE COULD HEAR THE NEWS.....................
3. She was tired, so she had an early night...........BECAUSE SHE WAS TIRED , SHE HAD AN EARLY NIGHT.................................
4. I was walking along the street and I saw a dead rat.
=>While.......I WAS WALKING ALONG THE STREET , I SAW DEAD RAT.................................................................................
5. I'll phone you soon after I get the news.
=>As soon as...............I GET THE NEWS , I WILL PHONE YOU...............................................................
6. They had to cancel the journey because of the bad weather. "because"
=>.............THEY HAD TO CANCEL THE JOURNEY BECAUSE THE WEATHERR WAS BAD........................................................................................
7. Mai is good student, but she didn't receive a schoolarship last year.
=>Even though......MAI IS A GOOD STUDENT , SHE DIDN'T RECEIVE A SCHOOLARSHIP LAST YEAR...........................................................................
8. Despite sickness, Nick had to finishhis homework last night.
=>Although....NICK WAS SICK, HE HAD TO FINISH HIS HOMEWORK LAST NIGHT ....................................................................................
9. We have to study harder .....................BECAUSE WE DON'T WANT TO MAKE OUR PARENTS DISAPPOINTED...........................................(Complete a sentence, use dependent clause of purpose)
10. A lot of people belive him..................ALTHOUGH HE WAS TELLING LIE............................................(Complete a sentence, use dependent clause of concession).
I. Complete the second sentence so that it has the similar meaning to the first .
l It took me three days to repaint the room.
-> I spent ....................THREE DAYS REPAINTING THE ROOM.................................................
2. "I live with my parents in this city", the girl said.
-> The girl said .......................................................................THAT SHE LIVED WITH HER PARENTS IN THAT CITY
3 Unless we water these flowers, they'll die
-> If we .........................DON'T WATER THESE FLOWERS , THEY WILL DIE..........................................................
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired. (because of)
-> ................SHE WENT TO BED EARLY BECAUSE OF FEELING TIRED............................................................................
5. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick. (because of)
-> ..........................MARY DIDN'T GO TO SCHOOL YESTERDAY BECCAUSE OF HER SICKNESS.......................................................................................
II. Read the passage and then decide whether the statements that follow are true or false.
Write True or False in your answersheet:
Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked the meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food s good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of the water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!
____F______ 1/ the food smelt good, so the boy were thirsty
___F______ 2/ they played games and sang songs after they had a wonderful meal
______T____ 3/ The boys slept well and deeply in a comfortable and warm sleeping bags.
_______T___ 4/ The tent was full of the water, Which made the boys wake up.
I. Complete the second sentence so that it has the similar meaning to the first .
l It took me three days to repaint the room.
-> I spent three days repainting the room.
2. "I live with my parents in this city", the girl said.
-> The girl said she lived with her parents in that city.
3 Unless we water these flowers, they'll die
-> If we don't water these flowers, they'll die.
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired. (because of)
-> She went to bed early because of her tiredness.
5. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick. (because of)
-> Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness.
6:Rewrite the sentences so that the meaning stays the same as the
given one.
1. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
-> When I entered the room, I was surprised at what I saw
2. The volunteers couldn’t mow the old lady’s lawns because of the rain.
-> The rain prevented the volunteers from mowing the old lady’s lawns
3. David did his homework and then went to bed.
-> After having done his homework, David went to bed
4. I told him off. Then I realized I was wrong.
-> After having told him off, I realized I was wrong
5. I worked very hard for the exam. Then I passed it.
-> Before I passed the exam, I had worked very hard for it
6. First I considered what to study. Then I decided to major in Maths.
-> After considering what to study, I decided to major in Maths
7. She wrote a letter. Then she went to bed.
-> After having written a letter, she went to bed
8. She went out for a walk. Then she had a fatal accident.
-> Before having a fatal accident, she went out for a walk
9. She decided to go away. First she faced the matter.
-> After facing the matter, she decided to go away
10. We read the book, then we wrote the assignment.
-> Before writing the assignment, we read the book
thanks