Question

[Trần Long]

Tìm giá trị của  \(a,b,c\)  biết:

\(\left(ax^2+bx+c\right)\left(x+3\right)=x^3+2x^2-3x\)

Answer 1

[Nguyễn Thị Thương Hoài]

          Cách 1:

     (a\(x^2\) + b\(x\) + c).(\(x+3\))

= a\(x^3\) + 3a\(x^2\) + b\(x^2\) + 3b\(x\) + c\(x\) + 3c

= a\(x^3\) + (3a\(x^2\) + b\(x^2\)) + (3b\(x\) + c\(x\)) + 3c

= a\(x^3\) + \(x^2\).(3a + b) + \(x\).(3b + c) + 3c

a\(x^3\) + (3a + b)\(x^2\) + (3b + c)\(x\) + 3c = \(x^3\) + 2\(x^2\) - 3\(x\)

⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\3a+b=2\\3b+c=-3\\3c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\3+b=2\\3b+c=-3\\c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2-3\\3b=-3\\c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=-1\\b=-1\\c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy (a; b; c) = (1; -1; 0)

Answer 2

[Nguyễn Thị Thương Hoài]

         Cách hai ta có:

\(x^3\) + 2\(x^2\) - 3\(x\) = (\(x^3\) + 3\(x^2\)) - (\(x^2\) + 3\(x\))

\(x^3\) + 2\(x^2\)  - 3\(x\) = \(x^2\).(\(x+3\)) - \(x\).(\(x+3\))

\(x^3\) + 2\(x^2\) - 3\(x\) = (\(x+3\)).(\(x^2\) - \(x\))

⇒ (a\(x^2\) + b\(x\) + c).(\(x\) + 3) = (\(x+3\)).(\(x^2\) - \(x\))

⇔ a\(x^2\) + b\(x\) + c = \(x^2\) - \(x\)

⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=-1\\c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy (a; b; c) = (1; -1; 0)