P= √x-2/√+1 Tìm tất cả các giá trị nguyên của x để 2√P < 1
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\(P=\dfrac{x^4+x^3-3x-1}{x^2+x+1}=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-2x}{x^2+x+1}=x^2-1-\dfrac{2x}{x^2+x+1}\)
Vì x \(\in Z\) nên để P \(\in Z\) thì : \(\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\in Z\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\) . Với x = 0 ; ta có : \(P=-1\in Z\)
Với x khác 0 ; ta có : \(A=\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1}\)
Nếu x > 0 ; ta có : \(0< A\le\dfrac{1}{3}\) ( vì \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge2\) ) => Ko tồn tại g/t nguyên của A (L)
Nếu x < 0 ; ta có : \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\le-2\) \(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1\le-1\)
Suy ra : \(0>A\ge\dfrac{1}{-1}=-1\) \(\Rightarrow A=-1\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
x = -1 ; ta có : P = 2 \(\in Z\) (t/m)
Vậy ...
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-x-1}\right)-\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\) đk: \(x\ge0,x\ne1\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)}\right]-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1-\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
b)Để P<4 \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 4\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-4< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6-3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}>0\\\sqrt{x}-1< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}< 0\\\sqrt{x}-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 2\\\sqrt{x}< 1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>2\\\sqrt{x}>1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 1\\\sqrt{x}>2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0\le x< 1\\x>4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy...
c)\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) \(=1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
Để P nguyên khi \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) nguyên
\(x\in Z\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}\in Z\\\sqrt{x}\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\\\sqrt{x}-1\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại \(\sqrt{x}-1\in I\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\notin Z\) (L)
Tại\(\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\) .Để \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-1;1;-3;3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;-2;4\right\}\) mà \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;4\right\}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;4;16\right\}\) (tm)
Lời giải:
$5A+B=\frac{5\sqrt{x}+1}{2\sqrt{x}+1}$
$2(5A+B)=\frac{10\sqrt{x}+2}{2\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{5(2\sqrt{x}+1)-3}{2\sqrt{x}+1}=5-\frac{3}{2\sqrt{x}+1}$
$5A+B$ nguyên
$\Rightarrow 2(5A+B)$ nguyên
$\Leftrightarrow 5-\frac{3}{2\sqrt{x}+1}$ nguyên
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{3}{2\sqrt{x}+1}$ nguyên
Ta thấy: $\frac{3}{2\sqrt{x}+1}\leq 3$ với mọi $x\geq 0$ và $\frac{3}{2\sqrt{x}+1}>0$ với mọi $x\geq 0$
Do đó $\frac{3}{2\sqrt{x}+1}$ nguyên thì nhận các giá trị $1,2,3$
$\Leftrightarrow x=0; \frac{1}{16}; 1$
Sửa đề: \(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
ĐKXĐ: x>=0
\(2\sqrt{P}< 1\)
=>\(\sqrt{P}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
=>\(0< =P< \dfrac{1}{4}\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P>=0\\P-\dfrac{1}{4}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}>=0\\\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{1}{4}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-2>=0\\\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)-\sqrt{x}-1}{4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>=2\\4\sqrt{x}-8-\sqrt{x}-1< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>=2\\3\sqrt{x}< 7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow2< =\sqrt{x}< \dfrac{7}{3}\)
=>\(4< =x< \dfrac{49}{9}\)