cho 300g CaCO3 vào 400g dung dịch HCL 7,3%
a, Tính Vkhí bay ra ở đktc
b,Tính C% các chất trong dung dịch sau phản ứng
c,dẫn toàn bộ lượng khí sinh ra vào 200ml dung dịch KOH 11,2%. Tính khối lượng muối thu được
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a, Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{300}{100}=3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=400.7,3\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{3}{1}>\dfrac{0,8}{2}\), ta được CaCO3 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{CaCO_3\left(pư\right)}=n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 0,4.100 + 400 - 0,4.44 = 422,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.111}{422,4}.100\%\approx10,51\%\)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
a) $n_{CaCO_3} = 0,15(mol)$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{CaCO_3} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,3.36,5}{7,3\%} = 150(gam)$
b)
$n_{CaCl_2} = n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} =0,15(mol)$
$V_{CO_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
c)
$m_{dd} = 15 + 150 - 0,15.44 = 158,4(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{0,15.111}{158,4}.100\% = 10,51\%$
\(m_{KOH}=39,2g\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
- Gọi số mol mỗi muối thu được là x và y mol ( x,y > 0 )
\(Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(2KOH+CO_2\rightarrow K_2CO_3+H_2O\)
...2x...........x...............x.....................
\(KOH+CO_2\rightarrow KHCO_3\)
..y.............y...............y................
Ta có : \(m_M=m_{K2CO3}+m_{KHCO3}=138x+100y=57,6\left(I\right)\)
Mà \(n_{KOH}=2x+y=0,7\left(II\right)\)
- Giai 1 và 2 ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) mol.
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K2CO3}=n.M=27,6\\m_{KHCO3}=n.M=30\end{matrix}\right.\) g
b, Theo PTHH : \(n_{H2SO4}=n_{CO2}=x+y=0,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=2,5M\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2-->0,6---->0,2----->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mchất tan = 26,7 + 7,3 = 34 (g)
c) mdd sau pư = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,04\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,3}{204,8}.100\%=3,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72L\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7g\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13\%\)
a) \(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,2--------------------->0,2----->0,2
=> \(m=m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dd}.sau.p\text{ư}}=150+16,8-0,2.44=158\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{158}.100\%=12,025\%\)
b) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O
0,2----->0,2------------>0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{kt}=m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\\V_{\text{dd}Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=200.14,6\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 19,5 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 218,9 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{218,9}.100\%\approx3,33\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{218,9}.100\%\approx18,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a)n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6}{100.36,5}=0,8mol\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\\ b)m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8g\\ c)n_{HCl.pư}=0,3.2=0,6mol\\ C_{\%ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=18,64\%\\ C_{\%HCl.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=3,33\%\)
\(a) Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{FeCl_2} = n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{5,6}{56} = 0,1(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)\\ b)m_{FeCl_2} = 0,1.127 = 12,7(gam)\\ c) n_{HCl} =2 n_{Fe} = 0,2(mol)\\ C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,2} = 1M\)
\(a,n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{300}{100}=3mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{400.7,3}{100.36,5}=0,8mol\\ CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{1}>\dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow CaCO_3dư\\ n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,8=0,4mol\\ m_{dd}=0,4.100+400-0,4.44=422,4g\\ C_{\%CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.111}{422,4}\cdot100=10,51\%\)
\(c)n_{KOH}=\dfrac{200.11,2}{100.56}=0,4mol\\ T=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\\ \Rightarrow Tạo.KHCO_3\\ CO_2+KOH\rightarrow KHCO_3\\ n_{KHCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,4mol\\ m_{KHCO_3}=0,4.100=40g\)