Tìm x,y thuộc Z, biết
\(\left(x-3\right)\cdot\left(y+x\right)=7\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{-3}{7}.x^3.y^2\right).\left(\dfrac{-7}{9}.y.z^2\right).\left(6.x.y\right)\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{-3}{7}x^3y^2\right).\left(\dfrac{-7}{9}yz^2\right).6xy\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{-3}{7}.\dfrac{-7}{9}.6\right).\left(x^3.x\right)\left(y^2.y.y\right).z^2\)
\(A=2x^4y^4z^2\)
\(B=-4.x.y^3\left(-x^2.y\right)^3.\left(-2.x.y.z^3\right)^2\)
\(B=\left[\left(-4\right).\left(-2\right)\right].\left(x.x^6.x^2\right)\left(y^3.y^3.y^2\right)\left(z^6\right)\)
\(B=8x^7y^{y^8}z^6\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{y-x+x-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{y-x}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{x-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{1}{z-x}+\dfrac{1}{x-y}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{z-x}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}\)
\(\dfrac{x-y}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{y-z}+\dfrac{1}{z-x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{x-y}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{2}{x-y}+\dfrac{2}{y-z}+\dfrac{2}{z-x}\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(S=\frac{yz\left(x+1\right)\left(y-z\right)-zx\left(y+1\right)\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(z+1\right)\left(x-y\right)}{xyz\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
+ \(yz\left(x+1\right)\left(y-z\right)-zx\left(y+1\right)\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(z+1\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=yz\left(x+1\right)\left(y-z\right)-zx\left(y+1\right)\left[\left(y-z\right)+\left(x-y\right)\right]\)
\(+xy\left(z+1\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(y-z\right)\left[yz\left(x+1\right)-zx\left(y+1\right)\right]+\left(x-y\right)\left[xy\left(z+1\right)-zx\left(y+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(y-z\right)\left[z\left(y-x\right)\right]+\left(x-y\right)\cdot x\cdot\left(y-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{x+y+z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y+z-z}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{zx+z^2+zy+xy}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[z\left(x+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(y^3+z^3\right)\left(z^4-x^4\right)=0\).
Vậy \(M=\frac{3}{4}+\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(y^3+z^3\right)\left(z^4-x^4\right)=\frac{3}{4}+0=\frac{3}{4}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(\left(x-3\right)^2+x^4=-y^2+6y-4\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+x^4=-\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+x^4+\left(y-3\right)^2=5\)(1)
Từ (1) ta suy ra được : \(x^4\le5\Rightarrow-1\le x\le1\)( Vì \(x\in Z\))
Nhận xét , nếu \(x\le0\Rightarrow\left(y-3\right)^2=5-\left[\left(x-3\right)^2+x^4\right]< 0\) (vô lí)
Vậy x = 1. Suy ra \(\left(y-3\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow y=3\)
Kết luận : Tập nghiệm của phương trình : (x;y) = (1;3)
Ta chia thành 2 trường hợp :
a)y^2+y=x^4+x^3+x^2+x=0 (1)
...(1)<=>y(y+1)=x(x^3+x^2+x+1)=0
...Pt này có 4 nghiệm sau
...x1=0; y1=0
...x2=0; y2= -1
...x3= -1; y3=0
...x4= -1; y4= -1
b)y^2+y=x^4+x^3+x^2+x (# 0) (2)
...ĐK để 2 vế khác 0 là x và y đều phải khác 0 và -1.Với ĐK đó thì
...(2)<=>y(y+1)=(x^2)(x^2+x+1+1/x)
...Đến đây lại chia 2 th :
...+{y=x^2
.....{x+1+1/x=1 (3)
.....(3) vô nghiệm =>th này vô nghiệm
...+{y+1=x^2
.....{x+1+1/x= -1
....=>x= -1; y=0 (theo ĐK ở trên nghiệm này phải loại)
...Vậy khi y^2+y=x^4+x^3+x^2+x # 0 thì pt vô nghiệm
Tóm lại pt đã cho có 4 nghiệm
x1=0; y1=0
x2=0; y2= -1
x3= -1; y3=0
x4= -1; y4= -1
\(\left(x-3\right);\left(y+x\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-7;7\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;-9\right);\left(4;3\right);\left(-4;3\right);\left(10;-9\right)\right\}\left(x,y\in Z\right)\)