Cho 1,95g kẽm tác dụng với 1,47g H2SO4 loãng nguyên chất
a. Viết PTHH
b. Tính khối lượng chất còn dư sau phản ứng
c. Tính thể tích khí hidro (đktc) tạo thành sau phản ứng
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a)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{ }ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b)\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(m\right)\);\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}=0,16\left(m\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
ta có tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,16}{1}->Zndư\)
\(n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,16=0,14\left(m\right)\)
\(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,14.65=9,1\left(g\right)\)
c)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ :1 1 1 1
số mol :0,16 0,16 0,16 0,16
\(V_{H_2}=0,16.22,4=3,584\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(PT:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{n_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{Zn\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{H_2SO_4}\left(PT\right)}=\dfrac{0,016}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Zn dư , H2SO4 hết , tính theo H2SO4
b, Theo PT : \(n_{zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(pứ\right)}=n\cdot M=0,016\cdot32=0,512\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=m_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}-n_{Zn\left(Pứ\right)}=1,95-0,512=1,438\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT : \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_{2\left(đktc\right)}}=n\cdot22,4=0,016\cdot22,4=0,3584\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,25-->0,25------->0,25------>0,25
\(V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=40,25\left(g\right)\)
a) Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,47}{98}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{1}\) => Zn dư, H2SO4 hết
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
____0,015<-0,015--->0,015->0,015
=> mZn(dư) = (0,03-0,015).65 = 0,975 (g)
c) VH2 = 0,015.22,4 = 0,336(l)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2SO4=0,5(mol)
nZn=0,2(mol)
a) PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
ta có: 0,5/1 > 0,2/1
=> Zn hết, H2SO4 dư, tính theo nZn
b) m(H2SO4 dư)= (0,5-0,2).98=29,4(g)
c) nH2= nZn=0,2(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -----> FeSO4 + H2
b, ko tính đc do thiếu khối lượng ddH2SO4
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
nFe = 5,6 : 56 = 0,1 (mol)
nH2SO4 (đủ) = 0,1 (mol)
mH2SO4 = 0,1 . 98 = 9,8 (g)
\(mH_2SO_{\text{4(thamgiapứ) }}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{49}=20\left(g\right)\)
H2SO4 dư , Fe đủ
mH2SO4 dư = 20 - 9,8 = 10,2(g)
mFeSO4 = 0,1 . 152 = 15,2(g)
VH2 = 0,1 .22,4 = 2,24(l)
mH2 = 0,1 . 2 = 0,2 (g)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{10,2.100}{5,6+20+15,2-0,2}=25\%\)
\(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2.100}{5,6+20+15,2-0,2}=37\%\)
Nếu có thể thì lần sau bạn nên đăng tách từng bài ra nhé!
Bài 1:
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) , ta được Mg dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,05.95=4,75\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
Bài 2:
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\) , ta được Al dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Bài 3:
PT: \(2M+6HCl\rightarrow2MCl_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,704}{22,4}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_M=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{3,78}{0,14}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)
Vậy: M là nhôm (Al).
Bài 4:
PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{4}>\dfrac{0,2}{5}\) , ta được P dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,08.142=11,36\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\
m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05.20}{100}=4,41\left(g\right)\\
n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,41}{98}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,03}{1}< \dfrac{0,045}{1}\)
=> H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\
m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\right)}=\left(0,045-0,03\right).98=1,47\left(g\right)\\
m_{\text{dd}}=1,95+22,05-\left(0,03.2\right)=23,94\left(g\right)\\
C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.136}{23,94}.100\%=17\%\)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05}{98}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
bđ 0,03 0,225
pư 0,03 0,03
spư 0 0,195 0,03 0,03
\(b,m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,195.98=19,11\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{dd}=1,95+22,05-0,03.2=23,94\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,03.161}{23,94}.100\%=20,18\%\)
a, PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,47}{98}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{1}\), ta được Zn dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,03-0,015=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,015.65=0,975\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,015.22,4=0,336\left(l\right)\)