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a)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{ }ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b)\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(m\right)\);\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}=0,16\left(m\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
ta có tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,16}{1}->Zndư\)
\(n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,16=0,14\left(m\right)\)
\(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,14.65=9,1\left(g\right)\)
c)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ :1 1 1 1
số mol :0,16 0,16 0,16 0,16
\(V_{H_2}=0,16.22,4=3,584\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(PT:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{n_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{Zn\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{H_2SO_4}\left(PT\right)}=\dfrac{0,016}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Zn dư , H2SO4 hết , tính theo H2SO4
b, Theo PT : \(n_{zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(pứ\right)}=n\cdot M=0,016\cdot32=0,512\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=m_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}-n_{Zn\left(Pứ\right)}=1,95-0,512=1,438\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT : \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_{2\left(đktc\right)}}=n\cdot22,4=0,016\cdot22,4=0,3584\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\
m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05.20}{100}=4,41\left(g\right)\\
n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,41}{98}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,03}{1}< \dfrac{0,045}{1}\)
=> H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\
m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\right)}=\left(0,045-0,03\right).98=1,47\left(g\right)\\
m_{\text{dd}}=1,95+22,05-\left(0,03.2\right)=23,94\left(g\right)\\
C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.136}{23,94}.100\%=17\%\)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05}{98}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
bđ 0,03 0,225
pư 0,03 0,03
spư 0 0,195 0,03 0,03
\(b,m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,195.98=19,11\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{dd}=1,95+22,05-0,03.2=23,94\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,03.161}{23,94}.100\%=20,18\%\)
a) Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Phản ứng thế
b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,3}{65}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
_____0,02------------>0,02-->0,02
=> mZnCl2 = 0,02.136 = 2,72(g)
=> VH2 = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(l)
a, \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{18,56}{232}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,08}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{4}\), ta được Fe3O4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,25-->0,25------->0,25------>0,25
\(V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=40,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\a, Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,V\text{ì}:\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\Rightarrow Zn\text{dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn\left(p.\text{ứ}\right)}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b, m_{Zn\left(p.\text{ứ}\right)}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,1=13,6\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,47}{98}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{1}\), ta được Zn dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,03-0,015=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,015.65=0,975\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,015.22,4=0,336\left(l\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Phản ứng thế
\(b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,3}{65}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,02.136=2,72(g)\\ V_{H_2}=0,02.22,4=0,448(l)\)
\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4,=4,48\left(l\right)\\ d.3H_2+Fe_2O_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O \\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,12}{1}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dưsauphảnứng\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{15}.56=7,467\left(g\right)\)
a) n\(Zn\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{13}{65}\)=0,2(mol)
n\(HCl\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=\)0,5(mol)
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 0,5
Lập tỉ lệ mol : \(^{\dfrac{0,2}{1}}\)<\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}\)
n\(Zn\) hết , n\(HCl\) dư
-->Tính theo số mol hết
Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 -> 0,4 0,2 0,2
n\(HCl\) dư= n\(HCl\)(đề) - n\(HCl\)(pt)= 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1(mol)
m\(HCl\) dư= 0,1.36,5 = 3,65(g)
b) m\(ZnCl2\) = n.M= 0,2.136= 27,2 (g)
c)V\(H2\)=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
d) n\(Fe\)\(2\)O\(3\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{19,2}{160}\)=0,12 (mol)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2 0,12
Lập tỉ lệ mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)<\(\dfrac{0,12}{1}\)
nH2 hết .Tính theo số mol hết
\(HCl\)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2-> 0,2
m\(Fe\)=n.M= 0,2.56= 11,2(g)
a) Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,47}{98}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{1}\) => Zn dư, H2SO4 hết
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
____0,015<-0,015--->0,015->0,015
=> mZn(dư) = (0,03-0,015).65 = 0,975 (g)
c) VH2 = 0,015.22,4 = 0,336(l)
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