2. Chứng minh
a, \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{50^2}\) < 1
b, \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{101}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{102}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{103}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{150}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
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\(A=\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}< 1+\dfrac{1}{2^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{3^2-1}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{8}+...+\dfrac{1}{2499}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...++\dfrac{1}{48}-\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{51}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{50}{51}+\dfrac{24}{50}\right)\)
Nhận xét \(\dfrac{50}{51}< 1;\dfrac{24}{50}< 1\Rightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{50}{51}+\dfrac{24}{50}\right)< 1+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(1+1\right)=2\)
Vậy A<2
Nhận xét: \(\dfrac{1}{1^2}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
...........
\(\dfrac{1}{50^2}< \dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+1-\dfrac{1}{50}=2-\dfrac{1}{50}< 2\)
Vậy A < 2
Ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+......................+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\)
Ta thấy :
\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
............................
\(\dfrac{1}{50^2}< \dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+.....................+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...........+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+1-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 2-\dfrac{1}{50}< 2\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 2\rightarrowđpcm\)
1/2^2+1/3^2+...+1/50^2<1/1*2+1/2*3*+...+1/49*50
=1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/49-1/50<1
=>S<1+1=2
2:
\(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-99}{100}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}=\dfrac{-101}{200}< -\dfrac{100}{200}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b.ta chia B thành 10 nhóm mỗi nhóm có 6 hạng tử \(B=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+2^6\right)+....+\left(2^{55}+2^{56}+2^{57}+2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
\(B\text{=}2\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5\right)+...+2^{55}\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5\right)\)
\(B\text{=}2.63+...+2^{56}.63\)
\(\Rightarrow B⋮63\)
\(\Rightarrow B⋮21\)
a, \(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100!}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}=1-\dfrac{1}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
d, \(D=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D-D=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2D=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}.2}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}-1-\dfrac{1}{2}-...-\dfrac{1}{25}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{27}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Câu b hướng làm đó là tách con 1/3 và 1/2 ra thành 50 phân số giống nhau. E tách 1/3=50/150 rồi so sánh 1/101, 1/102,...,1/149 với 1/150. Còn vế sau 1/2=50/100 tách tương tự rồi so sánh thôi
2a.
$\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}$
$< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+....+\frac{1}{49.50}$
$=\frac{2-1}{1.2}+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+...+\frac{50-49}{49.50}$
$=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}$
$=1-\frac{1}{50}< 1$ (đpcm)