Cho (a+b+c)2 = 3(a2+b2+c2) CM a=b=c
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Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall a\) (1)
\(\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall b\) (2)
\(\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall c\) (3)
Cộng từng vế (1);(2);(3) ta được:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1+b^2-2b+1+c^2-2c+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\) ( đfcm )
Ta có:
(a−1)2≥0;∀a(a−1)2≥0;∀a (1)
(b−1)2≥0;∀b(b−1)2≥0;∀b (2)
(c−1)2≥0;∀c(c−1)2≥0;∀c (3)
Cộng từng vế (1);(2);(3) ta được:
(a−1)2+(b−1)2+(c−1)2≥0(a−1)2+(b−1)2+(c−1)2≥0
⇔a2−2a+1+b2−2b+1+c2−2c+1≥0⇔a2−2a+1+b2−2b+1+c2−2c+1≥0
⇔a2+b2+c2−2(a+b+c)+3≥0⇔a2+b2+c2−2(a+b+c)+3≥0
⇔a2+b2+c2+3≥2(a+b+c)⇔a2+b2+c2+3≥2(a+b+c) ( đpcm ).
\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)
Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)
\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)
Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)
\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(< =>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(< =>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-3a^2-3b^2-3c^2=0\)
\(< =>-2a^2-2b^2-2c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=0\)
\(< =>-\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)=0\)
\(< =>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(< =>a^2+a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(< =>\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(< =>\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a;b;c
Để thỏa mãn \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\) thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)}\)