Cho x,y,,z >0 và \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=16\). C/m\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{y+3z+2x}\le\frac{8}{3}\)
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Áp dụng \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}=\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{x+z+y+z}\le\frac{1}{8\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
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Liên tục áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) và ta có:
\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2x}=\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right)\le\frac{1}{8\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự tạ có:
\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}\le\frac{1}{8\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{1}{8\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{x+y}\right)\)
Suy ra \(VT\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)+\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)ta có :
\(\frac{16}{3x+3y+2z}\le\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\)
\(\frac{16}{3x+2y+3z}\le\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\)
\(\frac{16}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 đẳng thức trên ta được :
\(16.\left(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\right)\)
\(\le4.\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)=4.6=24\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Câu hỏi của NGUYỄN DOÃN ANH THÁI - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
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Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}=6\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}=\frac{\left(\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)+y+z}\le\frac{9}{32\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{16\left(y+z\right)}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}+\frac{1}{2y+3x+3z}+\frac{1}{2z+3x+3y}\)
\(\le\frac{9}{32\left(x+y+z\right)}\cdot3+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{9}{32\cdot\frac{3}{4}}+\frac{1}{16}\cdot6=\frac{3}{2}\)(Đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\left(x+y;y+z;z+x\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=6\)
\(P=\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\) hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)
Bài 2:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-xy=5\\\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)=5x+15y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-xy=5\\5\left(x+y\right)=5x+15y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow10y=0\Rightarrow y=0\)
Thay vào pt đầu: \(x^2=5\Rightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{5}\)
Vậy nghiệm của hệ là \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\sqrt{5};0\right);\left(-\sqrt{5};0\right)\)
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Xét \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b
Áp dụng ta có
\(\frac{1}{x+3y}+\frac{1}{y+2z+x}\ge\frac{4}{2\left(x+2y+z\right)}=\frac{2}{x+2y+z}\)
\(\frac{1}{y+3z}+\frac{1}{z+2x+y}\ge\frac{2}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\frac{1}{z+3x}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\ge\frac{2}{2x+y+z}\)
Cộng các vế của các bđt trên
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có bđt \(\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)\)
\(\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)\)
Áp dụng nhiều lần bđt trên ta được
\(\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}=\frac{1}{\left(2x+y+z\right)+\left(x+2y+z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\right)\)\)
\(\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right)\)\)
\(\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\right]\)\)
\(\(\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)\)
C/m tương tự cho các bđt còn lại
\(\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)\)
\(\(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\)\)
Cộng vế theo vế được
\(\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x+y}+\frac{4}{y+z}+\frac{4}{z+x}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.6=\frac{3}{2}\)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra
\(\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2x=6}\end{cases}}\)\)
\(\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\\frac{3}{2x}=6\end{cases}}\)\)
\(\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)\)
\(\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)\)
Vậy ..........
cách khác :))
\(6=\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x+y+z\le3\)
\(P=\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+z\right)-z}+\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+z\right)-y}+\frac{1}{3\left(x+y+z\right)-x}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{9\left(x+y+z\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{9}{8\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\frac{9}{8.3}=\frac{3}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)
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\(\text{Áp dụng BĐT:}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\ge\frac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\text{tương tự với các BĐT còn lại }\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+3z+2y}+\frac{1}{3y+3z+2x}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{4}{x+z}+\frac{4}{x+y}+\frac{4}{y+z}\right)=\frac{1}{16}.24=\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+z}=\frac{1}{x+x+x+y+y+z}\le\frac{1}{6^2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{3}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự thì ta có:
\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{y+3z+2x}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{3}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{3}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{3}{z}+\frac{2}{x}\right)\)
\(=\frac{6}{36}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{16}{6}=\frac{8}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 3/16