Cho ba số a,b,c thỏa mãn a+b+c=0 và |a| ≤ 1, |b| ≤ 1, |c| ≤ 1. Chứng minh rằng a4+b6+c8 ≤ 2
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Cho ba số a, b, c thỏa mãn a+b+c=0 và và a ≤ 1 , b ≤ 1 , c ≤ 1. Chứng minh rằng a 4 + b 6 + c 8 ≤ 2.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Từ giả thiết a ≤ 1 , b ≤ 1 , c ≤ 1 ta có a 4 ≤ a 2 , b 6 ≤ b 2 , c 8 ≤ c 2 . Từ đó a 4 + b 6 + c 8 ≤ a 2 + b 2 + c 2
Lại có: a − 1 b − 1 c − 1 ≤ 0 v à a + 1 b + 1 c + 1 ≥ 0 nên
a + 1 b + 1 c + 1 − a − 1 b − 1 c − 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ 2 a b + 2 b c + 2 c a + 2 ≥ 0 ⇔ − 2 a b + b c + c a ≤ 2
Hơn nữa a + b + c = 0 ⇔ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = − a b + b c + c a ≤ 2
⇒ a 4 + b 6 + c 8 ≤ 2
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thử bài bất :D
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
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a, \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
=> a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Xét \(VT=a+2b+c=1+b\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AG-GM:
\(4\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)\le\left(1-a+1-c\right)^2=\left(2-a-c\right)^2=\left(1+a+b+c-a-c\right)^2=\left(1+b\right)^2\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\le\left(1-b\right)\left(1+b\right)^2\)
Mà \(\left(1-b\right)\left(1+b\right)^2-\left(1-b\right)=\left(1+b\right)\left(1-b^2-1\right)=-b^2\left(1+b\right)\le0,\forall b\ge0\)
Do đó \(\left(1-b\right)\left(1+b\right)^2\le1+b\left(3\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\) ta có ĐPCM
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=c=\dfrac{1}{2};b=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có \(a+b+c=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=1\)
Lại có \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=2\) (đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=abc\)
kết hợp gt: a+b+c=1
\(\Rightarrow abc-ab-ac-bc+a+b+c-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
Do \(-1\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-abc-a-b-c+ab+bc+ca+1+abc+b+c+c+ab+bc+ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\le2\)
Mà \(\left|a\right|;\left|b\right|;\left|c\right|\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^4\le a^2\\b^6\le b^2\\c^8\le c^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^6+c^8\le a^2+b^2+c^2\le2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(-1;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị