Cho x,y,z là các số thực không âm thỏa mãn:\(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\).Tìm GTLN P=xy+yz+zx+\(\frac{5}{x+y+z}\)
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Ta có : \(\frac{x^3}{z+x^2}=\frac{x^3+xz-xz}{z+x^2}=x-\frac{xz}{z+x^2}\ge x-\frac{xz}{2x\sqrt{z}}=x-\frac{\sqrt{z}}{2}\ge x-\frac{z+1}{4}\) (Cosi)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y^3}{x+y^2}\ge y-\frac{x+1}{4}\\\frac{z^3}{y+z^2}\ge z-\frac{y+1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{z+x^2}+\frac{y^3}{x+y^2}+\frac{z^3}{y+z^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{4}\)
Mà \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{z+x^2}+\frac{y^3}{x+y^2}+\frac{z^3}{y+z^2}\ge\frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
bước cuối sai \(\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) trong khi \(3\le x+y+z\) ?? :D
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Ta có \(xy+yz+xz=\frac{2^2-18}{2}=-7\)
\(x+y+z=2\)=> \(z-1=-x-y+1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{xy+z-1}=\frac{1}{xy-x-y+1}=\frac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{yz+x-1}=\frac{1}{\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)};\frac{1}{xz+y-1}=\frac{1}{\left(z-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)
=> \(S=\frac{x+y+z-3}{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)}=-\frac{1}{xyz-\left(yz+xy+xz\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)-1}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{-1+7+2-1}=-\frac{1}{7}\)
Vậy \(S=-\frac{1}{7}\)
Ta luôn có:
\(xy+yz+zx\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)\(=3\); dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔\(x=y=z\)
\(x\le\frac{x^2+1}{2}\); dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ \(x=1\)
\(y\le\frac{y^2+1}{2}\); dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ \(y=1\)
\(z\le\frac{z^2+1}{2}\); dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ \(z=1\)
Suy ra: \(x+y+z\le\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+3}{2}=\frac{6}{2}=3\)
Do đó: \(P_{max}=xy+yz+zx+\frac{5}{x+y+z}\le3+\frac{5}{3}=\frac{14}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x=y=z=1