Cho 47g kali oxit vào m gam dung dịch kali hidroxit 8% thì thu được dung dịch có nồng độ 21%. Tính m
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\(n_K=\dfrac{31,2}{39}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(2K+2H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o}2KOH+H_2\uparrow\)
0,8 0,8 0,4
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{KOH}=0,8.56=44,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddKOH}=\left(31,2+200\right)-\left(0,4.2\right)=300,4\left(g\right)\)
\(c,C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{44,8}{\left(200+31,2\right)-\left(0,4.2\right)}.100\%\approx19,44\%\)
Câu 1 :
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{2.35}{94}=0.025\left(mol\right)\)
\(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
\(0.025...................0.05\)
\(C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0.05}{0.4}=0.125\left(M\right)\)
a)
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{18,8}{94}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: K2O + H2O --> 2KOH
0,2-->0,2---->0,4
mct = 0,4.56 = 22,4 (g)
mdm = 81,2 - 0,2.18 = 77,6 (g)
mdd = 22,4 + 77,6 = 100 (g)
b)
\(C\%=\dfrac{22,4}{100}.100\%=22,4\%\)
c)
\(C\%=\dfrac{22,4}{50+100}.100\%=14,933\%\)
d)
\(m_{dd\left(sau.khi.thêm\right)}=\dfrac{22,4.100}{11,2}=200\left(g\right)\)
=> mH2O(thêm) = 200 - 100 = 100 (g)
e) Gọi khối lượng KOH thêm là x (g)
Có: \(C\%_{\left(dd.sau.khi.thêm\right)}=\dfrac{22,4+x}{100+x}.100\%=30\%\)
=> x = 10,857 (g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2K + 2H2O --> 2KOH + H2
0,3<-------------0,3<---0,15
=> mK = 0,3.39 = 11,7 (g)
=> mKOH(A) = 21,1 - 11,7 = 9,4 (g)
mKOH(dd sau pư) = 0,3.56 + 9,4 = 26,2 (g)
a = 200 + 0,15.2 - 21,1 = 179,2 (g)
\(C\%=\dfrac{26,2}{200}.100\%=13,1\%\) => x = 13,1
a)
\(C\%_{dd.KOH}=\dfrac{7,5}{7,5+42,5}.100\%=15\%\)
b) \(n_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{1,26}{63}=0,02\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M\left(dd.HNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,016}=1,25M\)
1)
$n_{Na_2O} = \dfrac{6,2}{62} = 0,1(mol)$
$Na_2O + H_2O \to 2NaOH$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{Na_2O} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 6,2 + 193,8 = 200(gam) \Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH} = \dfrac{0,2.40}{200}.100\% = 4\%$
2)
$n_{K_2O} = \dfrac{23,5}{94} = 0,25(mol)$
$K_2O + H_2O \to 2KOH$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{K_2O} = 0,5(mol) \Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,5} = 1M$
3) $n_{Na_2O} = \dfrac{12,4}{62} = 0,2(mol)$
$Na_2O + H_2O \to 2NaOH$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{Na_2O} = 0,4(mol)$
$C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} =0,8M$
4)
$Na_2SO_3 + 2HCl \to 2NaCl +S O_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{SO_2} = n_{Na_2SO_3} = \dfrac{12,6}{126} = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{SO_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)$
5) $n_{CaO} = \dfrac{5,6}{56} = 0,1(mol)$
$CaO + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{CaO} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{14,6\%} = 50(gam)$
mH2O=71,8.1=71,8(g)
nK2O=28,2/94=0,3(mol)
PTHH: K2O + H2O -> 2 KOH
0,3____________0,6(mol)
mKOH= 0,6.56=33,6(g)
mddKOH= mK2O + mH2O= 28,2+71,8=100(g)
=>C%ddB=C%ddKOH=(33,6/100).100=33,6%
\(n_K=\frac{5,85}{15}=0,15(mol)\\ K+H_2O \to KOH +\frac{1}{2}H_2\\ n_{KOH}=n_K=0,15(mol)\\ n_{H_2}=\frac{1}{2}.n_K=\frac{1}{2}.0,15=0,075(mol)\\ m_{dd}=5,85+100-(0,075.2)=105,7(g)\\ C\%=\frac{0,15.56}{105,7}.100=7,95\%\)
Gọi x là khối lượng dd kali hidroxit 8%(x>0)
=> mKOH = \(\frac{8x}{100}=0,08x\left(g\right)\)
mdd mới = 47 + x(g)
mct mới = 47 + 0,08x(g)
Áp dụng CT : C% = \(\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\).100%
=> 21% = \(\frac{47+0,08x}{47+x}\).100%
=> 0,21(47+x)=47+0,08x
=> 9,87+0,21x=47+0,08x
=> 0,13x= 37,13
=> x \(\approx\) 285,6154(g)
Vậy....