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Exercise 14 Read the following passage and choose the most appropriate answer from A,B,C or D to answer questions. Stress is with us all the time. It comes from mental or emotional activity as well as physical activity. It is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you're a busy executive who likes to keep occupied all of the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may feel...
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Exercise 14

Read the following passage and choose the most appropriate answer from A,B,C or D to answer questions.

Stress is with us all the time. It comes from mental or emotional activity as well as physical activity. It is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you're a busy executive who likes to keep occupied all of the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may feel extremely frustrating, nonproductive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from "doing nothing." Too much emotional stress can cause physical illnesses such as high blood pressure, ulcers, or even heart disease. Physical stress from work or exercise is not likely to cause such ailments. The truth is that physical exercise can help you to relax and to better handle your mental or emotional stress.

1. In the second sentence, "unique" most nearly means __________.

A. stressful B. distinctive C. brisk D. relaxing

2. Which of the following people would find "taking it easy" stressful?

A. Construction worker B. Business executive

C. Farm worker D. Truck driver

3. In the fifth sentence, "distressed" most nearly means __________.

A. upset B. distinctive C. relaxed D. active

4. In the eighth sentence, "ailments" most nearly means __________.

A. traits B. episodes C. characteristics D. illnesses

5. Which of the following would be a determinant as to what people find stressful?

A. Personality B. Education C. Marital status D. Shoe size

6. This article, published by the Department of Health and Human Services, probably came from the ____

A. Federal Bureau of Investigation.

B. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration.

C. Education Administration.

D. Communicable Diseases Administration.

7. A source of stress NOT specifically mentioned in this passage is _______.

A. educational activity B. physical activity

C. mental activity D. emotional activity

8. Physical problems caused by emotional stress can appear as all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A. ulcers B. pregnancy C. heart disease D. high blood pressure

9. One method mentioned to help handle stress is _______.

A. physical exercise B. tranquilizers C. drugs D. taking it easy

1
12 tháng 7 2018

Read the following passage and choose the most appropriate answer from A,B,C or D to answer questions.

Stress is with us all the time. It comes from mental or emotional activity as well as physical activity. It is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you're a busy executive who likes to keep occupied all of the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may feel extremely frustrating, nonproductive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from "doing nothing." Too much emotional stress can cause physical illnesses such as high blood pressure, ulcers, or even heart disease. Physical stress from work or exercise is not likely to cause such ailments. The truth is that physical exercise can help you to relax and to better handle your mental or emotional stress.

1. In the second sentence, "unique" most nearly means __________.

A. stressful B. distinctive C. brisk D. relaxing

2. Which of the following people would find "taking it easy" stressful?

A. Construction worker B. Business executive

C. Farm worker D. Truck driver

3. In the fifth sentence, "distressed" most nearly means __________.

A. upset B. distinctive C. relaxed D. active

4. In the eighth sentence, "ailments" most nearly means __________.

A. traits B. episodes C. characteristics D. illnesses

5. Which of the following would be a determinant as to what people find stressful?

A. Personality B. Education C. Marital status D. Shoe size

6. This article, published by the Department of Health and Human Services, probably came from the ____

A. Federal Bureau of Investigation.

B. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration.

C. Education Administration.

D. Communicable Diseases Administration.

7. A source of stress NOT specifically mentioned in this passage is _______.

A. educational activity B. physical activity

C. mental activity D. emotional activity

8. Physical problems caused by emotional stress can appear as all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A. ulcers B. pregnancy C. heart disease D. high blood pressure

9. One method mentioned to help handle stress is _______.

A. physical exercise B. tranquilizers C. drugs D. taking it easy

13 tháng 7 2018

cảm ơn bn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Television is one of man’s most important means of communication. It brings events and sounds from around the world into millions of homes. A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President making a speech or visit a foreign country. He can see a war being fought and watch statesmen try to bring about peace. Through...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Television is one of man’s most important means of communication. It brings events and sounds from around the world into millions of homes. A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President making a speech or visit a foreign country. He can see a war being fought and watch statesmen try to bring about peace. Through television, home viewers can see and learn about people, places, and things in faraway lands. Television even takes its viewers out of this world. It brings them coverage of America’s astronauts as the astronauts explore outer space. In addition to all these things, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are designed to entertain. In fact, TV provides much more entertainment programs than any other kinds. The programs include action-packed dramas, light comedies, sporting events and motion pictures.
1. According to the passage, what does television bring us?

A. noise from around the world​

B. man’s most important means of talking

C. events and sounds from around the world​

D. president making a speech

2. According to the passage, what don’t entertainment programs include?

A. dramas​

B. news​

C. motion pictures​

D. comedies

3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Television can bring us entertainment.​

B. Television can take us out of this world.

C. Television can help us widen our knowledge.

D. Television can help us make money.
4. The word “provides” in the second paragraph is best replaced by ________.

A. supplies​

B. divides​

C. admires​

D. separates

0
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.  Television is one of man’s most important means of communication. It brings events and sounds from around the world into millions of homes. A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President making a speech or visit a foreign country. He can see a war being fought and watch statesmen try to bring about peace. Through...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
 Television is one of man’s most important means of communication. It brings events and sounds from around the world into millions of homes. A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President making a speech or visit a foreign country. He can see a war being fought and watch statesmen try to bring about peace. Through television, home viewers can see and learn about people, places, and things in faraway lands. Television even takes its viewers out of this world. It brings them coverage of America’s astronauts as the astronauts explore outer space. In addition to all these things, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are designed to entertain. In fact, TV provides much more entertainment programs than any other kinds. The programs include action-packed dramas, light comedies, sporting events and motion pictures.

1. According to the passage, what does television bring us?

A. noise from around the world​

B. man’s most important means of talking

C. events and sounds from around the world​

D. president making a speech

2. According to the passage, what don’t entertainment programs include?

A. dramas​

B. news​

C. motion pictures​

D. comedies

3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Television can bring us entertainment.​

B. Television can take us out of this world.

C. Television can help us widen our knowledge.

D. Television can help us make money.

4. The word “provides” in the second paragraph is best replaced by ________.

A. supplies​

B. divides​

C. admires​

D. separates

1
1 tháng 3 2022

29. According to the passage, what does television bring us? A. noise from around the world​B. man’s most important means of talking C. events and sounds from around the world​D. president making a speech

30. According to the passage, what don’t entertainment programs include? A. dramas​B. news​C. motion pictures​D. comedies

31. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Television can bring us entertainment.​B. Television can take us out of this world. C. Television can help us widen our knowledge. D. Television can help us make money.

32. The word “provides” in the second paragraph is best replaced by ________. A. supplies​B. divides​C. admires​D. separates

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 28 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 28

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones that bore us. This no doubt explains the reason (26) ______ schoolboys remember football results effortlessly but struggle with dates from their history lessons! Take an active interest in what you want to remember, and focus on it (27) _______. One way to “make” yourself more interested is to ask questions - the more the better!

Physical exercise is also important for your memory because it increases your heart (28) ______ and sends more oxygen to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress, which is very bad for the memory.

The old saying that “eating fish makes you brainy” may be true after all. Scientists have discovered that the fats (29) ______ in fish like tuna, sardines and salmon - as well as in olive oil - help to improve the memory. Vitamin-rich fruits such as oranges, strawberries and red grapes are all good “brain food”, too.

A. degree

B. level

C. rate

D. grade

1
31 tháng 5 2019

Chọn C.

Đáp án C.

Ta có: heart rate: nhịp tim

Dịch: Tập thể dục cũng rất quan trọng đối với trí nhớ của bạn, bởi vì nó làm tăng nhịp tim của bạn và đưa nhiều oxy hơn đến não của bạn, và điều đó làm cho bộ nhớ của bạn hoạt động tốt hơn.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 25 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 25

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones that bore us. This no doubt explains the reason (26) ______ schoolboys remember football results effortlessly but struggle with dates from their history lessons! Take an active interest in what you want to remember, and focus on it (27) _______. One way to “make” yourself more interested is to ask questions - the more the better!

Physical exercise is also important for your memory because it increases your heart (28) ______ and sends more oxygen to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress, which is very bad for the memory.

The old saying that “eating fish makes you brainy” may be true after all. Scientists have discovered that the fats (29) ______ in fish like tuna, sardines and salmon - as well as in olive oil - help to improve the memory. Vitamin-rich fruits such as oranges, strawberries and red grapes are all good “brain food”, too.

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

B. it

C. that

D. this

1
19 tháng 7 2018

Chọn A.

Đáp án A.

Ta có: There + be (is) + …. : có cái gì.....

 Dịch: Một trí nhớ tốt thường được xem như một thứ gì đó đến tự nhiên, và bộ nhớ xấu là thứ không thể thay đổi, nhưng thực tế có rất nhiều cách bạn có thể sử dụng để cải thiện trí nhớ của mình.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones that bore us. This no doubt explains the reason (26) ______ schoolboys remember football results effortlessly but struggle with dates from their history lessons! Take an active interest in what you want to remember, and focus on it (27) _______. One way to “make” yourself more interested is to ask questions - the more the better!

Physical exercise is also important for your memory because it increases your heart (28) ______ and sends more oxygen to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress, which is very bad for the memory.

The old saying that “eating fish makes you brainy” may be true after all. Scientists have discovered that the fats (29) ______ in fish like tuna, sardines and salmon - as well as in olive oil - help to improve the memory. Vitamin-rich fruits such as oranges, strawberries and red grapes are all good “brain food”, too.

A. made

B. existed

C. founded

D. found

1
8 tháng 9 2017

Chọn D.

Đáp án D.

Ta có:

A. made: tạo ra, làm

B. existed: tồn tại

C. founded: thành lập

D. found: tìm thấy

Dịch: Các nhà khoa học đã phát hiện ra rằng các chất béo được tìm thấy trong cá như cá ngừ, cá mòi và cá hồi - cũng như trong dầu ô liu - giúp cải thiện trí nhớ.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones that bore us. This no doubt explains the reason (26) ______ schoolboys remember football results effortlessly but struggle with dates from their history lessons! Take an active interest in what you want to remember, and focus on it (27) _______. One way to “make” yourself more interested is to ask questions - the more the better!

Physical exercise is also important for your memory because it increases your heart (28) ______ and sends more oxygen to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress, which is very bad for the memory.

The old saying that “eating fish makes you brainy” may be true after all. Scientists have discovered that the fats (29) ______ in fish like tuna, sardines and salmon - as well as in olive oil - help to improve the memory. Vitamin-rich fruits such as oranges, strawberries and red grapes are all good “brain food”, too.

A. why

B. what

C. how

D. which

1
6 tháng 2 2018

Chọn A.

Đáp án A.

Ta có reason + why: lý do tại sao

Dịch: Tất cả chúng ta đều nhớ những điều chúng ta quan tâm và quên đi những thứ làm phiền chúng ta. Điều này không có nghi ngờ giải thích lý do tại sao nhiều nam học sinh không quá khó để nhớ kết quả bóng đá nhưng lại rất vất vả để nhớ ngày tháng của các bài học lịch sử của họ!

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 27 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 27

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something that cannot be changed, but actually (25) _______ is a lot that you can do to improve your memory. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones that bore us. This no doubt explains the reason (26) ______ schoolboys remember football results effortlessly but struggle with dates from their history lessons! Take an active interest in what you want to remember, and focus on it (27) _______. One way to “make” yourself more interested is to ask questions - the more the better!

Physical exercise is also important for your memory because it increases your heart (28) ______ and sends more oxygen to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also reduces stress, which is very bad for the memory.

The old saying that “eating fish makes you brainy” may be true after all. Scientists have discovered that the fats (29) ______ in fish like tuna, sardines and salmon - as well as in olive oil - help to improve the memory. Vitamin-rich fruits such as oranges, strawberries and red grapes are all good “brain food”, too.

A. hardly

B. slightly

C. consciously

D. easily

1
20 tháng 8 2017

Chọn C.

Đáp án C.

Xét 4 đáp án ta có: 

A. hầu như không.

B. nhỏ; ở một mức độ không đáng kể

C. có ý thức, có nhận thức

D. dễ dàng

Xét về nghĩa thì C hợp lý

Dịch: Hãy chủ động quan tâm đến những gì bạn muốn ghi nhớ và tập trung vào nó một cách có nhận thức.

Read the passage below and choose the best option A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Passage 1: New Orleans, in Louisiana, is known as the most unique city in the United States with distinctive architecture, cross-cultural heritage and annual music festivals.However, due to its location along the Mississippi River with lakes on the other side, and nearly half of the city below sea level, the city faces the danger of flooding. So, a levee system and...
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Read the passage below and choose the best option A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Passage 1:

New Orleans, in Louisiana, is known as the most unique city in the United States with distinctive architecture, cross-cultural heritage and annual music festivals.

However, due to its location along the Mississippi River with lakes on the other side, and nearly half of the city below sea level, the city faces the danger of flooding. So, a levee system and drainage canals were built to protect the city.

Early in the morning of August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, the most destructive natural disaster in the history of New Orleans, struck the city. The storm brought strong winds and heavy rains for several days. As a result, water from the river and lakes rose, breaking the levees and poured directly into the city. Soon 80 percent of the city was under the water. People scrambled to rooftops for safety, desperate for food and drinking water. The winds were so strong that even beds in Hyatt Hotel were seen flying out of the hotel windows. The loss was tremendous. Most of the major roads and bridges were destroyed, and houses collapsed. Nearly 2,000 people were killed. After the storm, several natural grounds for the breeding and migrating of different species of animals and birds were permanently lost.

Question 1: New Orleans is famous for ___________.

A.  its modern architecture                     C. its Mississippi River

B. its cross-cultural heritage                    D. its location

Question 2: Which statement is NOT correct about New Orleans?

A. It lies between the Mississippi River and lakes.

B. One of its attractions is its annual music festivals

C. The city is surrounded by water.

D. Most of the city is below sea level.

Question 3: Which one is NOT mentioned as being damaged by Hurricane Katrina?

A. Distinctive architecture         B. The levee system      C. Major roads        D. Houses

Question 4: The word ‘tremendous' means ___________.

A.puzzling                       B. huge                 C. unique                   D. legendary

Question 5: The word ‘permanently' is similar to ___________.

A.  temporarily            B.  partially                  C.  forever         D.  rarely

Passage 2:

        How can scientists predict earthquakes? Earthquakes are not scattered anywhere but happen in certain areas. They happen in places where pieces of the earth’s surface meet. For example, earthquakes often occur on the west-coast of North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Pacific coast of Asia.

Another way to predict earthquakes is to look for changes in the earth’s surface, like a sudden drop of water level in the ground. Some people say animals can predict earthquakes. Before earthquakes people have seen chickens sitting in trees, fish jumping out of the water, snake leaving their holes and other animals acting strangely.

After an earthquake happens, people can die from lack of food, water and medical supplies. The amount of destruction caused by an earthquake depend on types of building, soil conditions and population. Of the 6000 earthquakes on the earth each year, only about fifteen cause great damage and many deaths.

Question 1:  Earthquakes happen in certain areas where _______________.

A. the population is large             B. pieces of the earth’s surface meet

C. the soil conditions are stable      D. many buildings are built

Question 2: Earthquakes often happen along ________________.

A. the east-coast of North America          B. the east-coast of South America

C. the Pacific coast of Asia             D. the coast of Australia

Question 3: Looking for ____________ can help predict earthquakes.

A. changes in the earth’s surface        B. water beneath the earth’s surface

C. drops of water                     D. water currents

Question 4: After an earthquake, as a result of _________ people may die.

A. lack of food                              B. lack of friendship

C. lack of information              D. lack of knowledge

Question 5: The passage mainly discusses ______________.

A. the damage caused by earthquakes B. how strong earthquakes are

C. strange animal behaviors                         D. how to predict earthquakes

1
10 tháng 8 2021

Question 1: New Orleans is famous for ___________.

A.  its modern architecture                     C. its Mississippi River

B. its cross-cultural heritage                    D. its location

Question 2: Which statement is NOT correct about New Orleans?

A. It lies between the Mississippi River and lakes.

B. One of its attractions is its annual music festivals

C. The city is surrounded by water.

D. Most of the city is below sea level.

Question 3: Which one is NOT mentioned as being damaged by Hurricane Katrina?

A. Distinctive architecture         B. The levee system      C. Major roads        D. Houses

Question 4: The word ‘tremendous' means ___________.

A.puzzling                       B. huge                 C. unique                   D. legendary

Question 5: The word ‘permanently' is similar to ___________.

A.  temporarily            B.  partially                  C.  forever         D.  rarely

 

 

Question 1:  Earthquakes happen in certain areas where _______________.

A. the population is large             B. pieces of the earth’s surface meet

C. the soil conditions are stable      D. many buildings are built

Question 2: Earthquakes often happen along ________________.

A. the east-coast of North America          B. the east-coast of South America

C. the Pacific coast of Asia             D. the coast of Australia

Question 3: Looking for ____________ can help predict earthquakes.

A. changes in the earth’s surface        B. water beneath the earth’s surface

C. drops of water                     D. water currents

Question 4: After an earthquake, as a result of _________ people may die.

A. lack of food                              B. lack of friendship

C. lack of information              D. lack of knowledge

Question 5: The passage mainly discusses ______________.

A. the damage caused by earthquakes B. how strong earthquakes are

C. strange animal behaviors                         D. how to predict earthquakes

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.

To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function. Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)_______ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)_____ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears. (28)______ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)______ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Điền vào ô 29

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. that

1
8 tháng 3 2019

Kiến thức: Đại từ quan hệ

Giải thích:

Đại từ quan hệ “which” làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ sự vật, sự việc (behaviors and stereotypes).

On the other hand, candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29) which are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

Tạm dịch: Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người (cũng như ở người) có thể được tìm thấy trong các hành vi và khuôn mẫu dịch chuyển, những cái được đề xuất cũng phục vụ các chức năng giao tiếp.

Chọn A

Dịch bài đọc:

Để hiểu rõ hơn về tác động của tiếng khóc ở người, điều quan trọng là phải xem xét sự tương ứng của động vật với tiếng khóc của con người (trong lĩnh vực giao tiếp), cũng như các hành vi khác của động vật có thể phục vụ các chức năng giảm căng thẳng. Trong tất cả các động vật có vú và hầu hết các loài chim, con cái phản ứng với các tiếng gọi phân tách hoặc các tiếng kêu đau khổ khi bị tách khỏi cha mẹ. Có thể có một chút nghi ngờ rằng đây là cơ sở phát sinh gen của tiếng khóc âm thanh của trẻ sơ sinh. Hình thức khóc rất cơ bản này có nghĩa là hoàn tác sự tách biệt khỏi cha mẹ và nó không có khả năng làm dịu trực tiếp. Thay vào đó, hành vi này dường như được liên kết với trạng thái kích thích tăng lên và dẫn đến làm dịu vì sự thoải mái và hỗ trợ mà nó gợi ra, đó là, vì nó đã hoàn thành chức năng liên cá nhân. Ở động vật, các tiếng kêu đau khổ chủ yếu được thể hiện bởi con non, và chúng không bao giờ đi kèm với việc tạo ra nước mắt. Mặt khác, các ứng cử viên cho các cơ chế có thể góp phần làm giảm sự đau khổ ở động vật không phải người (cũng như ở người) có thể được tìm thấy trong các hành vi và khuôn mẫu dịch chuyển, những người được đề xuất cũng phục vụ các chức năng giao tiếp.