cho a>0, b>0,c >0. Tìm GTNN của (a+b+c).(1/a+1/b+1/c)
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1. Ta có : \(\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{bc}\); \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\). Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)=9\)
\(9\le3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c = 1
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=7\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)=49\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2.\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=49\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=49\)
\(B=\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Dễ có:\(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\le\left(\frac{3+a+b+c}{3}\right)^3\le8\)
Khi đó \(B\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
`P=a+b+c+1/a+1/b+1/c`
`=a+1/(9a)+b+1/(9b)+c+1/(9c)+8/9(1/a+1/b+1/c)`
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
`a+1/(9a)>=2/3`
`b+1/(9b)>=2/3
`c+1/(9c)>=2/3`
Áp dụng BĐT cosi schwart
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=9/(a+b+c)>=9`
`<=>8/9(1/a+1/b+1/c)>=8`
`=>P>=2/3+2/3+2/3+8=10`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `a=b=c=1/3`
Nãy ghi nhầm :v
`P=a+b+c+1/a+1/b+1/c`
`=a+1/(9a)+b+1/(9b)+c+1/(9c)+8/9(1/a+1/b+1/c)`
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
`a+1/(9a)>=2/3`
`b+1/(9b)>=2/3`
`c+1/(9c)>=2/3`
Áp dụng BĐT cosi schwart
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=9/(a+b+c)>=9`
`<=>8/9(1/a+1/b+1/c)>=8`
`=>P>=2/3+2/3+2/3+8=10`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `a=b=c=1/3`
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow3.P\ge9\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a+3}{a+1}+\dfrac{b+3}{b+1}+\dfrac{c+3}{c+1}\)
\(P=3+2.\left(\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(P\ge3+2.\dfrac{9}{a+b+c+3}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
Vậy \(min_P=6\), xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(A=\left(a+\frac{1}{a}-2\right)+\left(b+\frac{1}{b}-2\right)+\left(c+\frac{1}{c}-2\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)+6\)
\(A=\frac{a^2-2a+1}{a}+\frac{b^2-2b+1}{b}+\frac{c^2-2c+1}{c}-3+6\)
\(A=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(b-1\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(c-1\right)^2}{c}+3\) \(\ge3\forall a,b,c>0\)
A = 3 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy min A = 3 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(3A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge9\) (bđt AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow3A\ge9\Leftrightarrow A\ge3\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Ta có : abc = 1
<=> a = \(\frac{1}{bc}\)
\(b=\frac{1}{ac}\)
\(c=\frac{1}{ab}\)
Ta có : \(P=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(\frac{1}{bc}+abc\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac}+abc\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+abc\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt cô si ta có :
\(\frac{1}{bc}+abc\ge2\sqrt{\frac{abc}{bc}}=2\sqrt{a}\)
\(\frac{1}{ac}+abc\ge2\sqrt{b}\)
\(\frac{1}{ab}+abc\ge2\sqrt{c}\)
Nên : \(P=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(\frac{1}{bc}+abc\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac}+abc\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+abc\right)\)\(\ge2\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}.2\sqrt{c}=8\sqrt{abc}=8.1=8\)
Vây Pmin = 8 khi a = b = c = 1
Hai ô tô cùng khởi hành 1 lúc đi từ
A đến B dài 240km, vì mỗi giờ
ô tô thứ 1 đi nhanh hơn ô tô thứ 2 là 12km nên nó đến trước ô tô thứ 2 là 1h40'. Tí
nh vận tốc của mỗi ô tô?
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)