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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}=0,5.0,3=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{OH^-}=2.n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.a.2=0,4a\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:pH=1\Rightarrow-log\left[H^+\right]=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[H^+\right]=0,1\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}}{0,5}=0,1\\ \Rightarrow n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow0,15-0,4a=0,05\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,25\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 1:
PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,6\cdot0,4+0,6\cdot0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot2,6=0,52\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) H+ hết, OH- còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,6+0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=14+log\left(0,1\right)=13\)
Bài 2:
PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,3\cdot1,6=0,48\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot1\cdot2+0,2\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) OH- hết, H+ còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,32}{0,2+0,3}=0,64\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,64\right)\approx0,19\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`100mL=0,1L`
`n_{H^+}=0,1.0,05.2+0,1.0,1=0,02(mol)`
`n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,1.0,05=0,005(mol)`
`n_{OH^-}=0,1.0,2+0,1.0,1.2=0,04(mol)`
`n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,1.0,1=0,01(mol)`
`Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}->BaSO_4`
Do `0,01>0,005->` Tính theo `SO_4^{2-}`
`n_{BaSO_4}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,005(mol)`
`->m_↓=0,005.233=1,165(g)`
`H^{+}+OH^{-}->H_2O`
Do `0,02<0,04->OH^-` dư
`n_{OH^{-}\ pu}=n_{H^+}=0,02(mol)`
`->n_{OH^{-}\ du}=0,04-0,02=0,02(mol)`
Trong X: `[OH^-]={0,02}/{0,1+0,1}=0,1M`
`->pH=14-pOH=14+lg[OH^-]=13`
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:
\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}+2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot0,12+0,1\cdot0,04=0,016\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,016}{0,2}=0,08M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,08\right)=1,1\)
b) \(n_{OH^-}=n_{KOH}+2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,012+2\cdot0,004=0,02\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(\dfrac{10^{-14}}{0,1}\right)=13\)
a, \(n_{H^+}=0,025.0,2=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,01.2.0,3=0,006\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-dư}=0,001\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]_{dư}=\dfrac{0,001}{1}=10^{-3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-11}\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=11\)
b, \(n_{Fe^{2+}}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,02.0,1=0,002\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,01.0,3=0,003\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaSO_4\downarrow}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,002\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow}=n_{OH^-dư}=0,001\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=0,002.233+0,001.90=0,556\left(g\right)\)