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Ví dụ 5 :
n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)
n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)
V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)
=> [H+ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M
=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2
nKOH = 0,0015 mol
nBa(OH)2 = 0,001 mol
=> n[OH-] = 0,0015+0,001.2=0,0035 mol
=> p[OH-] = 2,456
=> p[H+] = 14-p[OH-]=11,544
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:
\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)
a, \(n_{H^+}=0,025.0,2=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,01.2.0,3=0,006\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-dư}=0,001\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]_{dư}=\dfrac{0,001}{1}=10^{-3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-11}\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=11\)
b, \(n_{Fe^{2+}}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,02.0,1=0,002\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,01.0,3=0,003\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaSO_4\downarrow}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,002\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow}=n_{OH^-dư}=0,001\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=0,002.233+0,001.90=0,556\left(g\right)\)
\(pH=10\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-10}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-4}\)
\(n_{OH^-}=10^{-4}.0,1=10^{-5}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,1.2.0,01=0,003\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+dư}=2,99.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+_{dư}\right]=\dfrac{2,99.10^{-3}}{0,2}=0,01495M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH\approx1,83\)
nHCl =0,002 mol
nH2SO4 = 0,001 mol
=> n[H+] = 0,002+0,002=0,004 mol
V dd =0,3 l
=> p[H+]=1,88