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Đáp án C
nOH- ban đầu = 0,009
nH+ ban đầu = 0,04a
V sau = 40 + 60 = 100 ml = 0,1 lít
Dung dịch thu được có pH bằng 2 ⇒ nH+ lúc sau = 0,1.0,01 = 0,001
n H+ ban đầu = n OH- + nH+ lúc sau
⇒ 0,04a = 0,009 + 0,001 ⇒ a = 0,25
Đáp án C.
\(n_{OH^-}=0,5.0,2+0,2.2.0,3=0,22\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,22}{0,5}=0,44M\)
\(n_{Na^+}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,2.0,3=0,06\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,5}=0,12M\)
a, \(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,3.0,4=0,12\left(mol\right)=n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum n_{H^+}=0,02+0,04=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,06__0,06 (mol)
⇒ nOH- dư = 0,12 - 0,06 = 0,06 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,3}=0,05\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,12}{0,1+0,3}=0,3\left(M\right)\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,1+0,3}=0,15\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, pH = 14 - (-log[OH-]) ≃ 13,176
a, \(K_2SO_4\rightarrow2K^++SO_4^{2-}\)
___0,5_______1______0,5_ (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[K^+\right]=\frac{1}{2}=0,5M\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\frac{0,5}{2}=0,25M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{OH^-}=n_{K^+}=n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
______0,2_____0,1_________ (mol)
⇒ OH- dư. ⇒ nOH- (dư) = 0,1 (mol)
Dd X gồm: K+; Cl- và OH-(dư).
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[K^+\right]=\frac{0,2}{0,3}=\frac{2}{3}M\\\left[Cl^-\right]=\frac{0,1}{0,3}=\frac{1}{3}M\\\left[OH^-\right]_{\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,1}{0,3}=\frac{1}{3}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,0005.0,5=0,00025\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=2.0,0005.0,5=0,0005\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3}+n_{HCl}=1.0,1+1.0,05=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_3^-}=n_{HNO_3}=1.0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cl^-}=n_{HCl}=1.0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
____0,0005____0,15_________ (mol)
⇒ H+ dư. ⇒ nH+ (dư) = 0,1495 (mol)
Dd D gồm: Ba2+; NO3-; Cl- và H+(dư)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\frac{0,00025}{1,0005}\approx2,5.10^{-4}M\\\left[NO_3^-\right]=\frac{0,1}{1,0005}\approx0,09M\\\left[Cl^-\right]=\frac{0,05}{1,0005}\approx0,049M\\\left[H^+\right]_{\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,1495}{1,0005}\approx0,15M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Mà phần c số lẻ quá, không biết đề là 0,5 ml hay 0,5 lít bạn nhỉ?
\(\begin{array}{l}{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{HCl}}}}{\rm{ = 0}}{\rm{,5}}{\rm{.0}}{\rm{,04 = 0}}{\rm{,02 (mol)}}\\{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{NaOH}}}}{\rm{ = 0}}{\rm{,5}}{\rm{.0}}{\rm{,06 = 0}}{\rm{,03 (mol)}}\\{\rm{NaOH + HCl}} \to {\rm{NaCl + }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}\\{\rm{0}}{\rm{,03 0}}{\rm{,02}}\end{array}\)
\(\frac{{{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{NaOH}}}}}}{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{ > }}\frac{{{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{HCl}}}}}}{{\rm{1}}} \Rightarrow \)NaOH dư, HCl hết.
\( \Rightarrow \)nNaOH dư = 0,03 – 0,02 = 0,01 (mol)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow {\rm{(NaOH) = }}\frac{{{\rm{0}}{\rm{,01}}}}{{{\rm{0}}{\rm{,04 + 0}}{\rm{,06}}}}{\rm{ = 0}}{\rm{,1 (M)}}\\{\rm{NaOH}} \to {\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + O}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ - }}}\\0,1{\rm{ 0}}{\rm{,1}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{(O}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ - }}}{\rm{) = (NaOH) = 0}}{\rm{,1 (M)}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{(}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{) = }}\frac{{{\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 14}}}}}}{{{\rm{0}}{\rm{,1}}}}{\rm{ = 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 13}}}}{\rm{(M)}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{pH = - log(1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 13}}}}{\rm{) = 13}}\end{array}\)