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`#3107.101107`
a)
`x^2 + 6x + 10`
`= (x^2 + 2*x*3 + 3^2) + 1`
`= (x + 3)^2 + 1`
Vì `(x + 3)^2 \ge 0` `AA` `x`
`=> (x + 3)^2 + 1 \ge 1` `AA` `x`
Vậy, GTNN của bt là 1 khi `(x + 3)^2 = 0`
`<=> x + 3 = 0`
`<=> x = -3`
b)
`4x^2 - 4x + 5`
`= [(2x)^2 - 2*2x*1 + 1^2] + 4`
`= (2x - 1)^2 + 4`
Vì `(2x - 1)^2 \ge 0` `AA` `x`
`=> (2x - 1)^2 + 4 \ge 4` `AA` `x`
Vậy, GTNN của bt là `4` khi `(2x - 1)^2 = 0`
`<=> 2x - 1 = 0`
`<=> 2x = 1`
`<=> x = 1/2`
c)
`x^2 - 3x + 1`
`= (x^2 - 2*x*3/2 + 9/4) - 5/4`
`= (x - 3/2)^2 - 5/4`
Vì `(x - 3/2)^2 \ge 0` `AA` `x`
`=> (x - 3/2)^2 - 5/4 \ge -5/4` `AA` `x`
Vậy, GTNN của bt là `-5/4` khi `(x - 3/2)^2 = 0`
`<=> x - 3/2 = 0`
`<=> x = 3/2`
B = 2\(x^2\) - 4\(x\) - 8
B = 2(\(x^2\) - 2\(x\) + 4) - 16
B = 2(\(x-2\))2 - 16
Vì (\(x-2\))2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\) ⇒ 2(\(x-2\))2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\)
⇒ 2(\(x-2\))2 - 16 ≥ -16 ∀ \(x\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi (\(x-2\))2 = 0 ⇒ \(x-2=0\) ⇒ \(x=2\)
Vậy Bmin = -16 khi \(x=2\)
Tìm min của C biết:
C = \(x^2\) - 2\(xy\) + 2y2 + 2\(x\) - 10y + 17
C = (\(x^2\) - 2\(xy\) + y2) + 2(\(x\) - y) + y2 - 8y + 16 + 1
C = (\(x\) - y)2 + 2(\(x\) - y) + 1 + (y2 - 8y + 16)
C = (\(x-y+1\))2 + (y - 4)2
Vì (\(x\) - y + 1)2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x;y\); (y - 4)2 ≥ 0 ∀ y
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\y-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4+1=0\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1+4\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy Cmin = 0 khi (\(x;y\)) = (3; 4)
\(1,Sửa:A=4x^4+4x^2y+y^2+2=\left(2x^2+y\right)^2+2\ge2\\ A_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow2x^2+y=0\Leftrightarrow x^2=-\dfrac{y}{2}\\ 2,B=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+12\ge12\\ B_{min}=12\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{4x^2-4x+8}{x^2+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Ax^2+2A=4x^2-4x+8\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(A-4\right)+4x+2A-8=0\)
PT bậc 2 ẩn x có nghiệm nên \(\Delta'=4-\left(2A-8\right)\left(A-4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2A^2+16A-28\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow4-\sqrt{2}\le A\le4+\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=4-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{A-4}=-\dfrac{2}{-\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge xy\Rightarrow-xy\ge-\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4=x^2+y^2-xy\ge x^2+y^2-\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le8\)
\(C_{max}=8\) khi \(x=y=\pm2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\Rightarrow-xy\le\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(4=x^2+y^2-xy\le x^2+y^2+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{8}{3}\)
\(C_{min}=\dfrac{8}{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right);\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}};-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(B=2x^2-4x-8=2\left(x^2-2x-4\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2x+1-5\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-5\right]\)
\(=2\left(x-1\right)^2-10\ge-10\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=-10\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(F=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
Đặt \(x^2+5x+4=t\)
\(\RightarrowĐT=t\left(t+2\right)=t^2+2t+1-1\)
\(=\left(t+1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
hay \(\left(x^2+5x+5\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
Vậy \(F_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+\frac{25}{4}-\frac{5}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+\frac{5}{2}=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}\\x+\frac{5}{2}=-\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}-\frac{5}{2}\\x=-\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}-\frac{5}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(G=4x-x^2=-\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-4\right]=-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\le4\)
Vậy \(G_{max}=4\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(H=25-x-5x^2=-5\left(x^2+\frac{x}{5}-5\right)\)
\(=-5\left(x^2+2x.\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{100}-\frac{501}{100}\right)\)
\(=-5\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{10}\right)^2-\frac{501}{100}\right]\)
\(=-5\left(x+\frac{1}{10}\right)^2+\frac{101}{20}\le\frac{101}{2}\)
Vậy \(H_{max}=\frac{101}{2}\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{10}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{10}\)
Đây là phương pháp:
PP:Biến đổi đa thức đưa về dạng
\(P=K\times A^2+l\)
* Nếu K>0 thì \(K\)x\(A^2+l\) \(\ge l\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Pmin = \(l\)khi A=0
*Nếu K = 0 thì \(K\times A^2+l\le l\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Pmax = \(l\)khi A=0