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\(A=\left(\left|x-1\right|+\left|2020-x\right|\right)+\left(\left|x-2\right|+\left|2019-x\right|\right)+...+\left(\left|x-1009\right|+\left|1010-x\right|\right)\\ A\ge\left|x-1+2020-x\right|+\left|x-2+2019-x\right|+...+\left|x-1009+1010-x\right|\\ A\ge2019+2017+...+1=\dfrac{2020\left[\left(2019-1\right):2+1\right]}{2}=1020100\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)\left(2020-x\right)\ge0\\...\\\left(x-1009\right)\left(1010-x\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\le x\le2020\\...\\1009\le x\le1010\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1009\le x\le1010\)
Theo bđt cosi
\(P=\left|x-2019\right|+\dfrac{2020}{\left|x-2019\right|}+2021\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left|x-2019\right|.2020}{\left|x-2019\right|}}+2021=4\sqrt{505}+2021\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(x-2019=2020\Leftrightarrow x=4039\)
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Ta có: \(A=\left|x-2018\right|+\left|2019-x\right|+\left|x-2020\right|\)
\(A=\left(\left|x-2018\right|+\left|2020-x\right|\right)+\left|2019-x\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\left|x-2018+2020-x\right|+\left|2019-x\right|=2+\left|2019-x\right|\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left(x-2018\right)\left(2020-x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2018\right)\left(x-2020\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-2018\ge0\\x-2020\le0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge2018\\x\le2020\end{cases}\Rightarrow}2018\le x\le2020}\)
Và \(\left|2019-x\right|\ge0\), Min (A) = 2 <=> |2019-x| = 0 <=> x= 2019
\(A=\left|2018-x\right|+\left|2019-x\right|+\left|2020-x\right|\)
\(=\left|2018-x\right|+\left|2019-x\right|+\left|x-2020\right|\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\left|a\right|+\left|b\right|\ge\left|a+b\right|\) :
\(A\ge\left|2018-x+x-2020\right|+\left|2019-x\right|=2+\left|2019-x\right|\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(2018-x\right)\left(x-2020\right)\ge0;2019-x=0\Leftrightarrow x=2019\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy GTNN của A là 2 tại x=2019
\(A=\left(|2018-x|+|2020-x\right)+|2019-x|\)
Đặt \(B=|2018-x|+|2020-x|\)
\(=|2018-x|+|x-2020|\ge|2018-x+x-2020|\)
Hay \(B\ge2\left(1\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2018-x\right)\left(x-2020\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2018-x\ge0\\x-2020\ge0\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}2018-x< 0\\x-2020< 0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\le2018\\x\ge2020\end{cases}\left(loai\right)}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x>2018\\x< 2020\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2018< x< 2020\)
Đặt \(C=|2019-x|\)
Vì \(|2019-x|\ge0;\forall x\)
Hay \(C\ge0;\forall x\left(2\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow2019-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2019\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow B+C\ge2+0\)
Hay \(A\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2018< x< 2020\\x=2019\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=2019\)
Vậy MIN A=2 \(\Leftrightarrow x=2019\)
Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
\(A=\left|x-2019\right|+\left|x-2020\right|+\left|x-2021\right|\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT $|a|+|b|\geq |a+b|$ ta có:
$|x-2019|+|x-2021|=|x-2019|+|2021-x|\geq |x-2019+2021-x|=2$
$|x-2020|\geq 0$ với mọi $x$
$\Rightarrow A=|x-2019|+|x-2020|+|x-2021|\geq 2+0=2$
Vậy $A_{\min}=2$
Giá trị này đạt được khi: $(x-2019)(2021-x)\geq 0$ và $x-2020=0$
Tức là $x=2020$
\(A=\frac{\left|x-2019\right|+2020}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}\)
\(=\frac{\left|x+2019\right|+2021-1}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}\)
\(\ge1-\frac{1}{\left|2019-2019\right|+2021}=1-\frac{1}{2021}=\frac{2020}{2021}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(x=2019\)
Bài giải
\(A=\frac{\left|x-2019\right|+2020}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}=\frac{\left|x-2019\right|+2021-1}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}=1-\frac{1}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}\)
A đạt GTNN khi \(\frac{1}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}\) đạt GTLN \(\Leftrightarrow\text{ }\left|x-2019\right|+2021\) đạt GTNN
Mà \(\left|x-2019\right|\ge0\) Dấu " = " xảy ra khi x - 2019 = 0 => x = 2019
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\left|x-2019\right|+2021\ge2021\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\frac{1}{\left|x-2019\right|+2021}\le\frac{1}{2021}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }A\ge1-\frac{1}{2021}=\frac{2020}{2021}\)
Ta có :
\(\left|x-2020\right|=\left|2020-x\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-2019\right|+\left|x-2020\right|=\left|x-2019\right|+\left|2020-x\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left|x-2019\right|+\left|2020-x\right|\ge\left|x-2019+2020-x\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2019\right)\left(2020-x\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2019\ge0\\2020-x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2019\le0\\2020-x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2019\\x\ge2020\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le2019\\x\le2020\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=2020\)
Vậy..