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1
ĐK: \(x\ge1\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x-1}\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow x=t^2+1\)
Khi đó:
\(x-2\sqrt{x-1}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-2t+1=16\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)^2=4^2\\ \Leftrightarrow t-1=4\\ \Leftrightarrow t=4+1=5\left(tm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=5^2=25\\ \Leftrightarrow x=25+1=26\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất x = 26.
2 ĐK: \(3\le x\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1-x}=0\\\sqrt{x-3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ điều kiện và bài giải ta kết luận PT vô nghiệm.
3 ĐK: \(x\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-4}=7-2=5\\ \Leftrightarrow x-4=5^2=25\\ \Leftrightarrow x=25+4=29\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất x = 29.
4
ĐK: \(x\ge1\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x-1}\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow x=t^2+1\)
Khi đó:
\(x-\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\sqrt{t^2-2t+1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\sqrt{\left(t-1\right)^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\left|t-1\right|=0\left(1\right)\)
Trường hợp 1:
Với \(0\le t< 1\) thì:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\left(1-t\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+t=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t\left(t+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=0\Rightarrow x=1\left(nhận\right)\\t=-1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2:
Với \(t\ge1\) thì:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\left(t-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2-t+2=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(-1\right)^2-4.2=-7< 0\)
=> Loại trường hợp 2.
Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất x = 1.
5
ĐK: \(x\ge2\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow x=t^2+2\)
Khi đó:
\(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x^2-2x}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{x-2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{t^2+2-2}-\sqrt{t^2+2}.\sqrt{t^2+2-2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{t^2}-\sqrt{t^2+2}.\sqrt{t^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t-\sqrt{t^2+2}.t=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t\left(1-\sqrt{t^2+2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=0\Rightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\\\sqrt{t^2+2}=1\Rightarrow t^2+2=1\Rightarrow t^2=-1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất x = 2.
6 Không có ĐK vì đưa về tổng bình lên luôn \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\sqrt{2}^2-2.\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}^2}-\sqrt{x^2+2x.\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right|-\left|x+\sqrt{2}\right|=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1-\left|x+\sqrt{2}\right|=0\)
Trường hợp 1:
Với \(x\ge-\sqrt{2}\) thì:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1-\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1-x-\sqrt{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-1-x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(tm\right)\)
Với \(x< -\sqrt{2}\) thì:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1--\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1+x+\sqrt{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2}+1+x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-1-2\sqrt{2}\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy phương trình có 2 nghiệm \(x=-1\) hoặc \(x=-1-2\sqrt{2}\)
c) \(\sqrt[]{8+\sqrt[]{x}}+\sqrt{5-\sqrt[]{x}}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[]{8+\sqrt[]{x}}+\sqrt{5-\sqrt[]{x}}\right)^2=25\left(1\right)\left(đkxđ:0\le x\le25\right)\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki cho 2 cặp số dương \(\left(1;\sqrt[]{8+\sqrt[]{x}}\right);\left(1;\sqrt{5-\sqrt[]{x}}\right)\)
\(\left(1.\sqrt[]{8+\sqrt[]{x}}+1.\sqrt{5-\sqrt[]{x}}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(8+\sqrt[]{x}+5-\sqrt[]{x}\right)=26\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow26=25\left(vô.lý\right)\)
Vậy phương trình đã cho vô nghiệm
b) \(\sqrt[]{1+4x}+2\sqrt[]{2-x}+2\sqrt[]{\left(1+4x\right)\left(2-x\right)}=3\) \(\left(đkxđ:-\dfrac{1}{4}\le x\le2\right)\)
\(\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1+4x}+2\sqrt[]{2-x}=3-2\sqrt[]{\left(1+4x\right)\left(2-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[]{1+4x}+2\sqrt[]{2-x}\right)^2=\left[3-2\sqrt[]{\left(1+4x\right)\left(2-x\right)}\right]^2\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki :
\(\left(1.\sqrt[]{1+4x}+2\sqrt[]{2-x}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+2^2\right)\left(1+4x+2-x\right)=5\left(3x+3\right)\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức Cauchy :
\(2\sqrt[]{\left(1+4x\right)\left(2-x\right)}\le1+4x+2-x=3x+3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi
\(1+4x=2-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(thỏa.đk\right)\)
\(pt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow5\left(4x+3\right)=4x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(4x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(k.thỏa.x=\dfrac{1}{5}.vô.lý\right)\)
Vậy phương trình đã cho vô nghiệm
\(\left(\dfrac{2}{2-\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{3+\sqrt{x}}{x-2\sqrt{x}}\right):\left(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{2-\sqrt{x}}{2+\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{4x}{x-4}\right)\) (ĐK: \(x\ne4;x>0\))
\(=\left[\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\right]:\left[\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}-\dfrac{4x}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}:\left[\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)^2-4x}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}:\dfrac{-x-4\sqrt{x}-4+x+4\sqrt{x}+4-4x}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}:\dfrac{-4x}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{-4x}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{-4x}\)
\(=-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+6-x-2\sqrt{x}}{4x}\)
\(=-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-x+6}{4x}\)
Mình sửa lại phần mẫu số của 3 dòng cuối nhé !
\(-4x\Rightarrow-4x\sqrt{x}\)
\(4x\Rightarrow4x\sqrt{x}\)
a: =>\(x^2\cdot2\sqrt{2}+x\left(2+2\sqrt{2}\right)+4=0\)
\(\text{Δ}=\left(2\sqrt{2}+2\right)^2-4\cdot2\sqrt{2}\cdot4=12-24\sqrt{2}< 0\)
=>PTVN
b:
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x+\sqrt{3}-x^2+2\sqrt{3}x+\sqrt{3}=0\)
=>\(x^2+x\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)+2\sqrt{3}=0\)
\(\text{Δ}=\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)^2-4\cdot2\sqrt{3}=16>0\)
PT có hai nghiệm là;
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{3}-2-4}{2}=-\sqrt{3}-3\\x=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{3}-2+4}{2}=-\sqrt{3}+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
1.
ĐKXĐ: \(x< 5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{42}{5-x}}-3+\sqrt{\dfrac{60}{7-x}}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{42}{5-x}-9}{\sqrt{\dfrac{42}{5-x}}+3}+\dfrac{\dfrac{60}{7-x}-9}{\sqrt{\dfrac{60}{7-x}}+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{9x-3}{\left(5-x\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{42}{5-x}}+3\right)}+\dfrac{9x-3}{\left(7-x\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{60}{7-x}}+3\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x-3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(5-x\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{42}{5-x}}+3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(7-x\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{60}{7-x}}+3\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)
\(\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}+\sqrt{x+3}=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)-\sqrt{x+3}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}-1=0\\\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\x-2=x+3\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
1.
$x+3+\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=x+3+\sqrt{(x-3)^2}=x+3+|x-3|$
$=x+3+(3-x)=6$
2.
$\sqrt{x^2+4x+4}-\sqrt{x^2}=\sqrt{(x+2)^2}-\sqrt{x^2}$
$=|x+2|-|x|=x+2-(-x)=2x+2$
3.
$\sqrt{x^2+2\sqrt{x^2-1}}-\sqrt{x^2-2\sqrt{x^2-1}}$
$=\sqrt{(\sqrt{x^2-1}+1)^2}-\sqrt{(\sqrt{x^2-1}-1)^2}$
$=|\sqrt{x^2-1}+1|+|\sqrt{x^2-1}-1|$
$=\sqrt{x^2-1}+1+|\sqrt{x^2-1}-1|$
4.
$\frac{\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}}{x-1}=\frac{\sqrt{(x-1)^2}}{x-1}$
$=\frac{|x-1|}{x-1}=\frac{x-1}{x-1}=1$
5.
$|x-2|+\frac{\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}}{x-2}=2-x+\frac{\sqrt{(x-2)^2}}{x-2}$
$=2-x+\frac{|x-2|}{x-2}|=2-x+\frac{2-x}{x-2}=2-x+(-1)=1-x$
6.
$2x-1-\frac{\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}}{x-5}=2x-1-\frac{\sqrt{(x-5)^2}}{x-5}$
$=2x-1-\frac{|x-5|}{x-5}$
\(\sqrt{x+2}=x^2-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+2}\right)^2=\left(x^2-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2=x^4-4x^2+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-4x^2-x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+2x^3-4x^2-x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3.\left(x-2\right)+2x^2.\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right).\left(x^3+2x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right).\left(x^3+x^2+x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right).\left[x^2.\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right).\left(x-1\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right).\left(x+1\right).\left(x^2+x-1\right)=0\)
\(x-2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
\(x^2+x-1=0\Rightarrow x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{5}{4}=0\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{4}\Rightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}-\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy ...
\(\sqrt{x+2}=x^2-2\)
\(x+2=x^4-4x^2+4\)
\(\Rightarrow x^4-4x^2+4-x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^4-2x^3+2x^3-4x^2-x+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+2x^2\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+2x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x^3+2x^2-1=0\Rightarrow x^2\left(x+2\right)=1\left(kotm\right)\end{cases}}\)
Vậy x = 2