Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

28 tháng 11 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion...

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systemtically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientiﬁc management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed making chores, this pioneer efﬁciency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special

tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identiﬁcation of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all ﬁve work dimensions are considered. physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

Question 37: It can be inferred from the ﬁrst paragraph that ______.

A. workers welcomed the application of scientiﬁc management

B. Taylor’s philosophy is different from the industrial norms

C. by the early 1900s science had reached a stage where it could be applied to the workplace

D. workers were no longer exploited after the introduction of scientiﬁc management

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

28 tháng 11 2018

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa. Có thể suy ra từ đoạn đầu là ______.

A. những công nhân rất hưởng ứng sự áp dụng quản lí khoa học.

B. triết học của Taylor rất khác so với tiêu chuẩn trong công nghiệp

C. đến những năm 1900 thì khoa học đã chạm đến nấc mà có thể được áp dụng ở nơi làm việc

D. sau khi có quản lí khoa học thì công nhân không còn bị bóc lột nữa.

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1 “was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation”

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

2 tháng 2 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systemtically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientiﬁc management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed making chores, this pioneer efﬁciency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special

tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identiﬁcation of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all ﬁve work dimensions are considered. physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

Question 38: The word “prevailing” is closest in meaning to ______.

A. predominant

B. broadly accepted

C. prevalent

D. common

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

2 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa. Từ “prevailing”- đang thịnh hành ở một thời điểm- gần nghĩa nhất với

A. thịnh hành B. được công nhân rộng rãi

C. thịnh hành D. phổ biến

Giải thich: Mặc dù nghĩa của từ gốc và các phương án khá tương đương nhau, nhưng prevailing và predominant thường được sử dụng tương đương, còn common và prevalent thì gần nghĩa nhau hơn.

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

15 tháng 1 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systemtically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientiﬁc management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed making chores, this pioneer efﬁciency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special

tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identiﬁcation of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all ﬁve work dimensions are considered. physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

Question 42: All of the following are true except ______.

A. Scientiﬁc management was concerned with productivity.

B. the beginnings of modern management thought commenced in the 19th century.

C. Frank Gilbreth’s fame was enhanced by two of his children writing a book.

D. Analyzing work to increase productivity is not likely to be useful unless all of the dimensions are considered.

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

15 tháng 1 2018

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa. Tất cả những điều sau đều đúng TRỮ.

A. Quản lí khoa học liên quan đến năng suất

B. Sự bắt đầu của nhũng suy nghĩ về quản lí hiện đại bắt đầu từ thế kỉ 19.

C. Sự nổi tiếng của Flank Gilbreth được nâng tầm bởi việc hai đứa con của ông viết sách

D. Nghiên cứu công việc để tăng năng suất sẽ ít có ích trừ phi tất cả các khía cạnh được xem xét.

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1 “management principles have been implemented since ancient times”. Thực tế có từ thời cổ đại chứ, thế kỉ 19 là sự bắt đầu của thời kì nghiên cứu quản lí đương đại.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

26 tháng 3 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systemtically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientiﬁc management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed making chores, this pioneer efﬁciency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special

tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identiﬁcation of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all ﬁve work dimensions are considered. physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

Question 36: What is the passage primarily about?

A. The limitations of pioneering studies in understanding human behavior.

B. How time and motion studies were ﬁrst developed.

C. The ﬁrst applications of a scientiﬁc approach to understanding human behavior.

D. The beginnings of modern management theory.

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

26 tháng 3 2019

Đáp án D

Dịch nghĩa. Bài viết chủ yếu nói về vấn đề gì?

A. Những hạn chế của nghiên cứu tiên phong trong việc hiểu hành vi con con người

B. Nghiên cứu thời gian và chuyển động được lần đầu phát triển như thế nào

C. Ứng dụng phương pháp khoa học đầu tiên để hiểu hành vi con người

D. Sự bắt đầu của học thuyết quản lí hiện đại

Giải thích: Ngay trong câu đầu, tác giả đã giới thiệu về chủ để bài viết “mặc dù quy tắc quản lý đã có từ thời cổ đại nhưng những nhà học giả theo đuổi quản lí đương đại đều luôn nghĩ về thời 1900 với sự bắt đầu của các nhà tiên phong”. Trong đó, thời 1900 với sự bắt đầu của các nhà tiên phong” chính là thời kì đầu của nghiên cứu đương đại. Ở các đoạn sau, tác giả trình bày những nghiên cứu của nhiều nhà khoa học khác nhau để làm rõ hơn về vấn đề.

Không chọn A vì bài viết không nói gì về những mặt hạn chế, tiêu cực cả. Nếu chọn B thì bài viết phải nói về việc nghiên cứu này được phát triển ở đâu, bao giờ, do ai, các bước phát triển như thế nào qua thời gian, mà những thông tin này hoàn toàn không có trong bài. Cũng không nói gì về việc ứng dụng các nghiên cứu này ra sao trong thực tế công việc nên không chọn C được.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

25 tháng 4 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systemtically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientiﬁc management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed making chores, this pioneer efﬁciency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special

tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identiﬁcation of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all ﬁve work dimensions are considered. physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

Question 40: According to the passage, the time it takes a skilled worker to perform the motion of a given job can be measured by using ______.

A. stop watches

B. all ﬁve work dimensions

C. special tools

D. therbligs

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

25 tháng 4 2017

Đáp án D

Dịch nghĩa. Theo bài viết, thời gian để một công nhân đã có kinh nghiệm hoàn thành một công việc được giao có thể đo băng cách sử dụng _____.

A. đồng hồ bấm giờ B. năm khía cạnh công việc

C. công cụ đặc biệt D. therbligs

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2 “involved identiﬁcation of “therbligs” - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job”. Trong đó, these motions and accompanying times chính là therbligs.

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LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

7 tháng 9 2018

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systematically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identification of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) – basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth discovered how workers could eliminate waste motion by

A. using special tools such as cameras and clocks

B. using stop watches

C. applying scientific management principles

D. watching his children do their chores

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

7 tháng 9 2018

Đáp án là D.

Theo bài đọc, Frank Gilbreth đã khám phá ra công nhân có thể loại bỏ sự di chuyển thừa thải bằng cách nào

A. sử dụng công cụ đặc biệt như camera và đồng hồ

B. sử dụng đồng hồ bấm giờ

C. áp dụng các quy tắc quản lý khoa học

D. trông chừng con họ làm việc nhà

Dẫn chứng: . By analyzing his children‟s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion.

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

5 tháng 7 2018

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systematically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identification of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth discovered how workers could eliminate waste motion by

A. using special tools such as cameras and clocks

B. using stop watches

C. applying scientific management principles

D. watching his children do their chores

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

5 tháng 7 2018

Đáp án là D

Ý trong bài: By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion.

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

4 tháng 6 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 19005, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the ﬁrst person to study work scientiﬁcally. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systemtically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientiﬁc management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed making chores, this pioneer efﬁciency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special

tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identiﬁcation of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all ﬁve work dimensions are considered. physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

Question 39: According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth discovered how workers could eliminate waste motion by ______.

A. using special tools such as cameras and clocks

B. using stop watches

C. applying scientiﬁc management principles

D. watching his children do their chores

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

4 tháng 6 2017

Đáp án D

Dịch nghĩa. Theo bài viết, Frank Gilbreth tìm ra cách mà công nhân có thể loại bỏ những hành động thừa thãi bằng cách _____.

A. sử dụng những công cụ đặc biệt như camera và đồng hồ

B. sử dụng đồng hồ bấm giờ

C. ứng dụng nguyên tắc quản lí khoa học

D. xem xét cách mà những đứa con của ông làm việc nhà

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2 “By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed making chores, this pioneer efﬁciency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion”.

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

9 tháng 4 2018

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systematically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identification of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

The word “prevailing” is closest in meaning to

A. predominant

B. broadly accepted

C. prevalent

D. common

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

9 tháng 4 2018

Đáp án là A

prevailing: thịnh hành

predominant: nổi bật, chiếm ưu thế

Các từ còn lại: broadly accepted:chấp nhận rộng rãi, prevalent:phổ biến; common: chung

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