Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each...

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Dương Minh

16 tháng 1 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. Vitamins, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic compounds that regulate the mechanisms by which the body converts food into energy. They should not be confused with minerals, which are inorganic in their makeup. Although in general the naming of vitamins followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature of...

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Vitamins, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic compounds that regulate the mechanisms by which the body converts food into energy. They should not be confused with minerals, which are inorganic in their makeup. Although in general the naming of vitamins followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature of individual substances may appear to be somewhat random and disorganized.. Among the 13 vitamins known today, five are produced in the body. Because the body produces sufficient quantities of some but not all vitamins, they must be supplemented in the daily diet. Although each vitamin has its specific designation and cannot be replaced by another compound, a lack of one vitamin can interfere with the processing of another. When a lack of even one vitamin in a diet is continual, a vitamin deficiency may result.

The best way for an individual to ensure a necessary supply of vitamins is to maintain a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods and provides adequate quantities of all the compounds. Some people take vitamin supplements, predominantly in the form of tablets. The vitamins in such supplements are equivalent to those in food, but an adult who maintains a balanced diet does not need a daily supplement. The ingestion of supplements is recommended only to correct an existing deficiency due to unbalanced diet, to provide vitamins known to be lacking in a restricted diet, or to act as a therapeutic measure in medical treatment. Specifically, caution must be exercised with fat-soluble substances, such as vitamins A and D, because, taken in gigantic doses, they may present a serious health hazard over a period of time

It can be inferred from the passage that vitamin supplements can be advisable ________.

A. in special medical cases

B. in most restricted diets

C. after correcting a dietary deficiency

D. before beginning a therapeutic treatment

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

16 tháng 1 2019

A

Điều gì có thể được suy ra từ bài đọc là việc uống bổ sung vitamin được khuyên dùng ________.

A. ở các trường hợp y khoa đặc biệt

B. phần lớn chế độ ăn kiêng

C. sau khi sửa chữa sự thiếu hụt liên quan đến chế độ ăn

D. trước khi bắt đầu quá trình điều trị

Thông tin: The ingestion of supplements is recommended only to correct an existing deficiency due to unbalanced diet, to provide vitamins known to be lacking in a restricted diet, or to act as a therapeutic measure in medical treatment.

Tạm dịch: Việc bổ sung vitamin được khuyến cáo cho những trường hợp thiếu vitamin do chế độ ăn không căn bằng, với những người phải có chế độ ăn kiêng nghiêm ngặt hoặc nó đóng vai trò như biện pháp trị liệu trong y khoa.

Chọn A

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Dương Minh

21 tháng 10 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. Vitamins, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic compounds that regulate the mechanisms by which the body converts food into energy. They should not be confused with minerals, which are inorganic in their makeup. Although in general the naming of vitamins followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature of...

Đọc tiếp

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

21 tháng 10 2017

C

Cụm từ “nomenclature” trong bài đọc gần nghĩa với .

A. conservation (n): sự bảo tồn

B. concentration (n): sự tập trung

C. classification (n): sự phân loại (đặt tên => xếp vào các nhóm)

D. clarification (n): sự làm rõ

Thông tin: Although in general the naming of vitamins followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature of individual substances may appear to be somewhat random and disorganized..

Tạm dịch: Mặc dù nói chung việc đặt tên các vitamin tuân theo thứ tự chữ cái trong nhận dạng của chúng, phép đặt tên của các chất riêng lẻ có thể có vẻ hơi ngẫu nhiên và vô tổ c

Chọn C

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DM

Dương Minh

3 tháng 3 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. Vitamins, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic compounds that regulate the mechanisms by which the body converts food into energy. They should not be confused with minerals, which are inorganic in their makeup. Although in general the naming of vitamins followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature of...

Đọc tiếp

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

3 tháng 3 2018

B

Theo bài đọc, vitamin là ______.

A. những mảnh vụn thực phẩm

B. dưỡng chất thiết yếu

C. chất hỗn tạp

D. nhóm thực phẩm chính

Thông tin: Vitamins, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic compounds that regulate the mechanisms by which the body converts food into energy.

Tạm dịch: Vitamin, dùng với liều lượng nhỏ, là nhóm chính của hợp chất hữu cơ điều tiết cơ chế mà cơ thể chuyển hóa thức ăn thành năng lượng.

Chọn B

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Dương Minh

19 tháng 11 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. Vitamins, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic compounds that regulate the mechanisms by which the body converts food into energy. They should not be confused with minerals, which are inorganic in their makeup. Although in general the naming of vitamins followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature of...

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#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

19 tháng 11 2018

C

Cụm từ “daily diet” gần nghĩa nhất với ________.

A. việc tăng hoặc giảm cân nặng B. đủ về mặt số lượng

C. sự ăn uống thực phẩm D. việc bổ sung vitamin

Chọn C

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DM

Dương Minh

1 tháng 9 2018

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?

A. Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.

B. Vitamins were synthesized from foods.

C. Effective techniques of weight loss were determined.

D. Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

1 tháng 9 2018

Đáp án A.

Key words: discoveries, first era, history of nutrition

Clue: Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods: Gần cuối giai đoạn này, các nghiên cứu chứng minh rằng việc giảm cân nhanh chóng có liên quan tới việc mất cân bằng nitơ và chỉ có thể được điều chỉnh bằng việc cung cấp đầy đủ protein trong chế độ ăn kết hợp với các loại thực phẩm nhất định.

A. Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet: protein được nhìn nhận như một thành phần thiết yếu của chế độ ăn.

B. Vitamins were synthesized from foods: vitamin được tổng hợp từ thực phẩm.

C. Effective techniques of weight loss were determined: xác định được những kỹ thuật hiệu quả để giảm cân.

D. Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health: một số loại thực phẩm nhất định được phát hiện ra là có hại cho sức khỏe.

Vậy đáp án chính xác là A

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Dương Minh

10 tháng 2 2019

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

It can be inferred from the passage that medical schools began to teach concepts of nutrition in order to

A. convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition

B. encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease

C. convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients

D. support the creation of artificial vitamins

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

10 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án B.

Key words: medical schools, teach, concepts of nutrition, in order to

Clue: “As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences”: Khi vitamin bắt đầu được nhìn nhận là thành phần thực phẩm thiết yếu cần thiết cho sức khỏe, có đề nghị được đưa ra là mọi bệnh tật mà trước đó không có cách điều trị hiệu quả có thể sẽ phản ứng với phương pháp điều trị bằng vitamin. Vào thời điểm đó, trường y khoa bắt đầu trở nên hứng thú hơn với việc đưa các khái niệm về dinh dưỡng vào chương trình giảng dạy thành bộ môn khoa học cơ bản.

A. convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition: thuyết phục bác sỹ y khoa tham gia vào những nghiên cứu về dinh dưỡng.

B. encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease: khuyến khích bác sỹ y khoa áp dụng các khái niệm về dinh dưỡng vào việc điều trị bệnh.

C. convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients: thuyết phục bác sỹ thử nghiệm phương pháp chữa bệnh bằng vitamin lên bệnh nhân.

D. support the creation of artificial vitamins: ủng hộ việc điều chế vitamin nhân tạo.

Vì có đề nghị là liệu pháp vitamin có thể chữa trị được những bệnh mà trước đó không có cách điều trị hiệu quả nên trường y khoa đưa các khái niệm về dinh dưỡng vào chương trình học để khuyến khích bác sỹ áp dụng các khái niệm này để chữa bệnh.

Vậy đáp án chính xác là B.

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DM

Dương Minh

13 tháng 12 2017

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

Why did vitamin therapy begin losing favor in the 1950's?

A. The public lost interest in vitamins.

B. Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts.

C. Nutritional research was of poor quality.

D. Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated.

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

13 tháng 12 2017

Đáp án D.

Key words: vitamin therapy, losing favor, 1950’s

Clue: “In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute [...] Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated”: Giai đoạn thứ 3 trong lịch sử dinh dưỡng là vào khoảng đầu những năm 1950 đến giữa những năm 1960 khi mà liệu pháp vitamin bắt đầu bị mang tiếng xấu [...] Những mong đợi đối với thành công của vitamin trong việc kiếm soát bệnh tật đã bị phóng đại.

A. The public lost interest in vitamins: công chúng mất đi sự quan tâm đổi với vitamin.

B. Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts: trường y khoa dừng việc giảng dạy những khái niệm về dinh dưỡng.

C. Nutritional research was of poor quality: nghiên cứu về dinh dưỡng có chất lượng kém.

D. Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated: những khẳng định về tính hiệu quả của liệu pháp vitamin bị phóng đại.

Mọi người không còn hứng thú với liệu pháp này nữa vì cho rằng hiệu quả của liệu pháp vitamin đã bị phóng đại → Đáp án chính xác là D.

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DM

Dương Minh

15 tháng 1 2018

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses?

A. The fourth era of nutrition history.

B. Problems associated with undemutrition.

C. How drug companies became successful.

D. Why nutrition education lost its appeal.

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

15 tháng 1 2018

Đáp án A.

Key words: paragraph following the passage

A. The fourth era of nutrition history: giai đoạn thứ 4 trong lịch sử dinh dưỡng

B. Problems associated with undemutrition: những vấn đề liên quan đến thiếu dinh dưỡng

C. How drug companies became successful: cách những công ty dược phẩm trở nên thành công

D. Why nutrition education lost its appeal: lý do tại sao giáo dục về dinh dưỡng trở nên kém thu hút

Bình thường thì các em đọc câu cuối cùng của bài để trả lời cho câu hỏi dạng này.

Tuy nhiên trong trường hợp này ta thấy ở câu topic sentence có giới thiệu về 4 giai đoạn của lịch sử dinh dưỡng nhưng chỉ có 3 giai đoạn đầu là được đưa ra phân tích → đáp án chính xác là A.

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Dương Minh

27 tháng 10 2017

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

The word “skyrocketing” is closest in meaning to_________.

A. internationally popular

B. increasing rapidly

C. acceptable

D. surprising

#Mẫu giáo

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

27 tháng 10 2017

Đáp án B.

Key words: skyrocketing, closest in meaning

A. internationally popular: phổ biến toàn cầu

B. increasing rapidly: tăng nhanh

C. acceptable: có thể chấp nhận được

D. surprising: gây ngạc nhiên

skyrocketing = to rise quickly to a very high level: tăng vọt → đáp án chính xác là B.

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